with . | ||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
. | θ = 0 . | θ = 2 . | ||||||||||||||
T . | c . | RWB . | IVX1 . | IVX2 . | Wild . | FWild . | RWB . | IVX1 . | IVX2 . | Wild . | FWild . | RWB . | IVX1 . | IVX2 . | Wild . | FWild . |
Panel A: , μ = 0 | ||||||||||||||||
100 | 50 | 0.0595 | 0.0825 | 0.0825 | 0.0834 | 0.0771 | 0.0505 | 0.0589 | 0.0589 | 0.0460 | 0.0553 | 0.0598 | 0.0839 | 0.0839 | 0.0861 | 0.0779 |
20 | 0.0531 | 0.0911 | 0.0911 | 0.0865 | 0.0841 | 0.0451 | 0.0608 | 0.0608 | 0.0447 | 0.0525 | 0.0522 | 0.0822 | 0.0822 | 0.0807 | 0.0758 | |
10 | 0.0506 | 0.0921 | 0.0921 | 0.0843 | 0.0833 | 0.0434 | 0.0629 | 0.0642 | 0.0470 | 0.0483 | 0.0509 | 0.0898 | 0.0898 | 0.0828 | 0.0824 | |
5 | 0.0520 | 0.0918 | 0.0918 | 0.0840 | 0.0817 | 0.0501 | 0.0663 | 0.0744 | 0.0486 | 0.0430 | 0.0536 | 0.0904 | 0.0904 | 0.0819 | 0.0768 | |
0 | 0.0599 | 0.0928 | 0.0929 | 0.0796 | 0.0674 | 0.0543 | 0.0685 | 0.1656 | 0.0518 | 0.0377 | 0.0546 | 0.0849 | 0.0851 | 0.0724 | 0.0663 | |
−1 | 0.0534 | 0.0861 | 0.0866 | 0.0721 | 0.0743 | 0.0554 | 0.0627 | 0.1995 | 0.0456 | 0.0359 | 0.0565 | 0.0875 | 0.0881 | 0.0711 | 0.0720 | |
−3 | 0.0481 | 0.1014 | 0.1037 | 0.0560 | 0.0986 | 0.0568 | 0.0630 | 0.2570 | 0.0370 | 0.0304 | 0.0473 | 0.0991 | 0.1031 | 0.0578 | 0.0952 | |
250 | 50 | 0.0504 | 0.0734 | 0.0734 | 0.0739 | 0.0712 | 0.0541 | 0.0469 | 0.0469 | 0.0414 | 0.0478 | 0.0536 | 0.0723 | 0.0723 | 0.0745 | 0.0713 |
20 | 0.0509 | 0.0794 | 0.0794 | 0.0784 | 0.0777 | 0.0579 | 0.0496 | 0.0497 | 0.0433 | 0.0472 | 0.0480 | 0.0791 | 0.0791 | 0.0800 | 0.0760 | |
10 | 0.0467 | 0.0841 | 0.0841 | 0.0810 | 0.0785 | 0.0540 | 0.0487 | 0.0500 | 0.0404 | 0.0394 | 0.0455 | 0.0846 | 0.0846 | 0.0819 | 0.0789 | |
5 | 0.0454 | 0.0849 | 0.0849 | 0.0817 | 0.0763 | 0.0477 | 0.0515 | 0.0573 | 0.0420 | 0.0370 | 0.0451 | 0.0848 | 0.0848 | 0.0805 | 0.0778 | |
0 | 0.0553 | 0.0767 | 0.0768 | 0.0719 | 0.0652 | 0.0499 | 0.0583 | 0.1428 | 0.0472 | 0.0300 | 0.0556 | 0.0736 | 0.0738 | 0.0682 | 0.0627 | |
−1 | 0.0585 | 0.0733 | 0.0735 | 0.0660 | 0.0684 | 0.0510 | 0.0521 | 0.1680 | 0.0422 | 0.0298 | 0.0608 | 0.0717 | 0.0722 | 0.0638 | 0.0672 | |
−3 | 0.0493 | 0.0861 | 0.0883 | 0.0558 | 0.0896 | 0.0545 | 0.0616 | 0.2148 | 0.0384 | 0.0289 | 0.0523 | 0.0807 | 0.0838 | 0.0516 | 0.0872 | |
500 | 50 | 0.0500 | 0.0721 | 0.0721 | 0.0740 | 0.0700 | 0.0520 | 0.0443 | 0.0443 | 0.0430 | 0.0442 | 0.0493 | 0.0766 | 0.0766 | 0.0759 | 0.0757 |
20 | 0.0468 | 0.0813 | 0.0813 | 0.0835 | 0.0751 | 0.0464 | 0.0407 | 0.0407 | 0.0389 | 0.0395 | 0.0486 | 0.0805 | 0.0805 | 0.0817 | 0.0781 | |
10 | 0.0497 | 0.0898 | 0.0898 | 0.0883 | 0.0830 | 0.0460 | 0.0467 | 0.0478 | 0.0412 | 0.0370 | 0.0470 | 0.0787 | 0.0787 | 0.0780 | 0.0752 | |
5 | 0.0451 | 0.0853 | 0.0853 | 0.0834 | 0.0759 | 0.0467 | 0.0480 | 0.0537 | 0.0427 | 0.0324 | 0.0442 | 0.0864 | 0.0864 | 0.0827 | 0.0786 | |
0 | 0.0547 | 0.0764 | 0.0765 | 0.0724 | 0.0675 | 0.0522 | 0.0561 | 0.1227 | 0.0468 | 0.0288 | 0.0577 | 0.0736 | 0.0737 | 0.0707 | 0.0651 | |
−1 | 0.0548 | 0.0708 | 0.0709 | 0.0682 | 0.0676 | 0.0523 | 0.0572 | 0.1605 | 0.0444 | 0.0300 | 0.0551 | 0.0692 | 0.0695 | 0.0615 | 0.0708 | |
−3 | 0.0498 | 0.0728 | 0.0750 | 0.0510 | 0.0762 | 0.0554 | 0.0702 | 0.1911 | 0.0414 | 0.0316 | 0.0524 | 0.0788 | 0.0812 | 0.0565 | 0.0817 | |
Panel B: | ||||||||||||||||
100 | 50 | 0.0614 | 0.0601 | 0.0601 | 0.0605 | 0.0584 | 0.0523 | 0.0668 | 0.0668 | 0.0502 | 0.0492 | 0.0611 | 0.0758 | 0.0758 | 0.0755 | 0.0544 |
20 | 0.0572 | 0.0376 | 0.0376 | 0.0358 | 0.0321 | 0.0480 | 0.0783 | 0.0900 | 0.0654 | 0.0366 | 0.0557 | 0.0616 | 0.0616 | 0.0610 | 0.0211 | |
10 | 0.0468 | 0.0229 | 0.0231 | 0.0211 | 0.0151 | 0.0415 | 0.0838 | 0.1424 | 0.0709 | 0.0365 | 0.0482 | 0.0331 | 0.0331 | 0.0311 | 0.0074 | |
5 | 0.0436 | 0.0149 | 0.0153 | 0.0134 | 0.0127 | 0.0470 | 0.0675 | 0.2229 | 0.0553 | 0.0361 | 0.0457 | 0.0121 | 0.0121 | 0.0112 | 0.0044 | |
0 | 0.0527 | 0.0115 | 0.0135 | 0.0053 | 0.0370 | 0.0549 | 0.0433 | 0.2965 | 0.0293 | 0.0349 | 0.0513 | 0.0049 | 0.0060 | 0.0033 | 0.0395 | |
−1 | 0.0558 | 0.0137 | 0.0161 | 0.0037 | 0.0420 | 0.0543 | 0.0485 | 0.2950 | 0.0310 | 0.0314 | 0.0544 | 0.0145 | 0.0154 | 0.0078 | 0.0691 | |
−3 | 0.0534 | 0.0317 | 0.0359 | 0.0084 | 0.0527 | 0.0548 | 0.0643 | 0.2874 | 0.0319 | 0.0302 | 0.0557 | 0.0452 | 0.0515 | 0.0085 | 0.0640 | |
250 | 50 | 0.0536 | 0.0490 | 0.0490 | 0.0511 | 0.0329 | 0.0553 | 0.0623 | 0.0639 | 0.0558 | 0.0403 | 0.0533 | 0.0470 | 0.0470 | 0.0472 | 0.0376 |
20 | 0.0489 | 0.0323 | 0.0323 | 0.0327 | 0.0075 | 0.0481 | 0.0809 | 0.1203 | 0.0775 | 0.0351 | 0.0469 | 0.0195 | 0.0195 | 0.0211 | 0.0097 | |
10 | 0.0452 | 0.0163 | 0.0163 | 0.0154 | 0.0137 | 0.0483 | 0.0715 | 0.1931 | 0.0656 | 0.0311 | 0.0461 | 0.0026 | 0.0027 | 0.0024 | 0.0023 | |
5 | 0.0528 | 0.0111 | 0.0116 | 0.0092 | 0.0593 | 0.0529 | 0.0517 | 0.2567 | 0.0458 | 0.0335 | 0.0497 | 0.0009 | 0.0011 | 0.0009 | 0.0033 | |
0 | 0.0524 | 0.0101 | 0.0128 | 0.0052 | 0.0572 | 0.0524 | 0.0410 | 0.2789 | 0.0297 | 0.0294 | 0.0523 | 0.0030 | 0.0041 | 0.0018 | 0.0488 | |
−1 | 0.0554 | 0.0113 | 0.0148 | 0.0032 | 0.0603 | 0.0499 | 0.0451 | 0.2673 | 0.0276 | 0.0279 | 0.0529 | 0.0107 | 0.0123 | 0.0053 | 0.0627 | |
−3 | 0.0513 | 0.0243 | 0.0285 | 0.0070 | 0.0485 | 0.0542 | 0.0678 | 0.2430 | 0.0311 | 0.0271 | 0.0522 | 0.0327 | 0.0372 | 0.0084 | 0.0558 | |
500 | 50 | 0.0468 | 0.0453 | 0.0453 | 0.0474 | 0.0133 | 0.0440 | 0.0703 | 0.0793 | 0.0692 | 0.0343 | 0.0475 | 0.0203 | 0.0203 | 0.0207 | 0.0266 |
20 | 0.0461 | 0.0211 | 0.0211 | 0.0217 | 0.0098 | 0.0479 | 0.0756 | 0.1507 | 0.0748 | 0.0298 | 0.0451 | 0.0027 | 0.0027 | 0.0028 | 0.0057 | |
10 | 0.0448 | 0.0159 | 0.0163 | 0.0152 | 0.0730 | 0.0451 | 0.0573 | 0.2155 | 0.0563 | 0.0320 | 0.0446 | 0.0005 | 0.0005 | 0.0006 | 0.0019 | |
5 | 0.0443 | 0.0138 | 0.0165 | 0.0130 | 0.1452 | 0.0503 | 0.0448 | 0.2851 | 0.0410 | 0.0348 | 0.0474 | 0.0003 | 0.0004 | 0.0002 | 0.0043 | |
0 | 0.0514 | 0.0088 | 0.0115 | 0.0048 | 0.0662 | 0.0575 | 0.0444 | 0.2645 | 0.0309 | 0.0293 | 0.0517 | 0.0032 | 0.0039 | 0.0023 | 0.0534 | |
−1 | 0.0531 | 0.0107 | 0.0140 | 0.0041 | 0.0554 | 0.0500 | 0.0481 | 0.2374 | 0.0306 | 0.0261 | 0.0545 | 0.0086 | 0.0102 | 0.0041 | 0.0596 | |
−3 | 0.0533 | 0.0249 | 0.0289 | 0.0088 | 0.0387 | 0.0564 | 0.0683 | 0.2041 | 0.0283 | 0.0248 | 0.0521 | 0.0280 | 0.0320 | 0.0097 | 0.0447 |
with . | ||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
. | θ = 0 . | θ = 2 . | ||||||||||||||
T . | c . | RWB . | IVX1 . | IVX2 . | Wild . | FWild . | RWB . | IVX1 . | IVX2 . | Wild . | FWild . | RWB . | IVX1 . | IVX2 . | Wild . | FWild . |
Panel A: , μ = 0 | ||||||||||||||||
100 | 50 | 0.0595 | 0.0825 | 0.0825 | 0.0834 | 0.0771 | 0.0505 | 0.0589 | 0.0589 | 0.0460 | 0.0553 | 0.0598 | 0.0839 | 0.0839 | 0.0861 | 0.0779 |
20 | 0.0531 | 0.0911 | 0.0911 | 0.0865 | 0.0841 | 0.0451 | 0.0608 | 0.0608 | 0.0447 | 0.0525 | 0.0522 | 0.0822 | 0.0822 | 0.0807 | 0.0758 | |
10 | 0.0506 | 0.0921 | 0.0921 | 0.0843 | 0.0833 | 0.0434 | 0.0629 | 0.0642 | 0.0470 | 0.0483 | 0.0509 | 0.0898 | 0.0898 | 0.0828 | 0.0824 | |
5 | 0.0520 | 0.0918 | 0.0918 | 0.0840 | 0.0817 | 0.0501 | 0.0663 | 0.0744 | 0.0486 | 0.0430 | 0.0536 | 0.0904 | 0.0904 | 0.0819 | 0.0768 | |
0 | 0.0599 | 0.0928 | 0.0929 | 0.0796 | 0.0674 | 0.0543 | 0.0685 | 0.1656 | 0.0518 | 0.0377 | 0.0546 | 0.0849 | 0.0851 | 0.0724 | 0.0663 | |
−1 | 0.0534 | 0.0861 | 0.0866 | 0.0721 | 0.0743 | 0.0554 | 0.0627 | 0.1995 | 0.0456 | 0.0359 | 0.0565 | 0.0875 | 0.0881 | 0.0711 | 0.0720 | |
−3 | 0.0481 | 0.1014 | 0.1037 | 0.0560 | 0.0986 | 0.0568 | 0.0630 | 0.2570 | 0.0370 | 0.0304 | 0.0473 | 0.0991 | 0.1031 | 0.0578 | 0.0952 | |
250 | 50 | 0.0504 | 0.0734 | 0.0734 | 0.0739 | 0.0712 | 0.0541 | 0.0469 | 0.0469 | 0.0414 | 0.0478 | 0.0536 | 0.0723 | 0.0723 | 0.0745 | 0.0713 |
20 | 0.0509 | 0.0794 | 0.0794 | 0.0784 | 0.0777 | 0.0579 | 0.0496 | 0.0497 | 0.0433 | 0.0472 | 0.0480 | 0.0791 | 0.0791 | 0.0800 | 0.0760 | |
10 | 0.0467 | 0.0841 | 0.0841 | 0.0810 | 0.0785 | 0.0540 | 0.0487 | 0.0500 | 0.0404 | 0.0394 | 0.0455 | 0.0846 | 0.0846 | 0.0819 | 0.0789 | |
5 | 0.0454 | 0.0849 | 0.0849 | 0.0817 | 0.0763 | 0.0477 | 0.0515 | 0.0573 | 0.0420 | 0.0370 | 0.0451 | 0.0848 | 0.0848 | 0.0805 | 0.0778 | |
0 | 0.0553 | 0.0767 | 0.0768 | 0.0719 | 0.0652 | 0.0499 | 0.0583 | 0.1428 | 0.0472 | 0.0300 | 0.0556 | 0.0736 | 0.0738 | 0.0682 | 0.0627 | |
−1 | 0.0585 | 0.0733 | 0.0735 | 0.0660 | 0.0684 | 0.0510 | 0.0521 | 0.1680 | 0.0422 | 0.0298 | 0.0608 | 0.0717 | 0.0722 | 0.0638 | 0.0672 | |
−3 | 0.0493 | 0.0861 | 0.0883 | 0.0558 | 0.0896 | 0.0545 | 0.0616 | 0.2148 | 0.0384 | 0.0289 | 0.0523 | 0.0807 | 0.0838 | 0.0516 | 0.0872 | |
500 | 50 | 0.0500 | 0.0721 | 0.0721 | 0.0740 | 0.0700 | 0.0520 | 0.0443 | 0.0443 | 0.0430 | 0.0442 | 0.0493 | 0.0766 | 0.0766 | 0.0759 | 0.0757 |
20 | 0.0468 | 0.0813 | 0.0813 | 0.0835 | 0.0751 | 0.0464 | 0.0407 | 0.0407 | 0.0389 | 0.0395 | 0.0486 | 0.0805 | 0.0805 | 0.0817 | 0.0781 | |
10 | 0.0497 | 0.0898 | 0.0898 | 0.0883 | 0.0830 | 0.0460 | 0.0467 | 0.0478 | 0.0412 | 0.0370 | 0.0470 | 0.0787 | 0.0787 | 0.0780 | 0.0752 | |
5 | 0.0451 | 0.0853 | 0.0853 | 0.0834 | 0.0759 | 0.0467 | 0.0480 | 0.0537 | 0.0427 | 0.0324 | 0.0442 | 0.0864 | 0.0864 | 0.0827 | 0.0786 | |
0 | 0.0547 | 0.0764 | 0.0765 | 0.0724 | 0.0675 | 0.0522 | 0.0561 | 0.1227 | 0.0468 | 0.0288 | 0.0577 | 0.0736 | 0.0737 | 0.0707 | 0.0651 | |
−1 | 0.0548 | 0.0708 | 0.0709 | 0.0682 | 0.0676 | 0.0523 | 0.0572 | 0.1605 | 0.0444 | 0.0300 | 0.0551 | 0.0692 | 0.0695 | 0.0615 | 0.0708 | |
−3 | 0.0498 | 0.0728 | 0.0750 | 0.0510 | 0.0762 | 0.0554 | 0.0702 | 0.1911 | 0.0414 | 0.0316 | 0.0524 | 0.0788 | 0.0812 | 0.0565 | 0.0817 | |
Panel B: | ||||||||||||||||
100 | 50 | 0.0614 | 0.0601 | 0.0601 | 0.0605 | 0.0584 | 0.0523 | 0.0668 | 0.0668 | 0.0502 | 0.0492 | 0.0611 | 0.0758 | 0.0758 | 0.0755 | 0.0544 |
20 | 0.0572 | 0.0376 | 0.0376 | 0.0358 | 0.0321 | 0.0480 | 0.0783 | 0.0900 | 0.0654 | 0.0366 | 0.0557 | 0.0616 | 0.0616 | 0.0610 | 0.0211 | |
10 | 0.0468 | 0.0229 | 0.0231 | 0.0211 | 0.0151 | 0.0415 | 0.0838 | 0.1424 | 0.0709 | 0.0365 | 0.0482 | 0.0331 | 0.0331 | 0.0311 | 0.0074 | |
5 | 0.0436 | 0.0149 | 0.0153 | 0.0134 | 0.0127 | 0.0470 | 0.0675 | 0.2229 | 0.0553 | 0.0361 | 0.0457 | 0.0121 | 0.0121 | 0.0112 | 0.0044 | |
0 | 0.0527 | 0.0115 | 0.0135 | 0.0053 | 0.0370 | 0.0549 | 0.0433 | 0.2965 | 0.0293 | 0.0349 | 0.0513 | 0.0049 | 0.0060 | 0.0033 | 0.0395 | |
−1 | 0.0558 | 0.0137 | 0.0161 | 0.0037 | 0.0420 | 0.0543 | 0.0485 | 0.2950 | 0.0310 | 0.0314 | 0.0544 | 0.0145 | 0.0154 | 0.0078 | 0.0691 | |
−3 | 0.0534 | 0.0317 | 0.0359 | 0.0084 | 0.0527 | 0.0548 | 0.0643 | 0.2874 | 0.0319 | 0.0302 | 0.0557 | 0.0452 | 0.0515 | 0.0085 | 0.0640 | |
250 | 50 | 0.0536 | 0.0490 | 0.0490 | 0.0511 | 0.0329 | 0.0553 | 0.0623 | 0.0639 | 0.0558 | 0.0403 | 0.0533 | 0.0470 | 0.0470 | 0.0472 | 0.0376 |
20 | 0.0489 | 0.0323 | 0.0323 | 0.0327 | 0.0075 | 0.0481 | 0.0809 | 0.1203 | 0.0775 | 0.0351 | 0.0469 | 0.0195 | 0.0195 | 0.0211 | 0.0097 | |
10 | 0.0452 | 0.0163 | 0.0163 | 0.0154 | 0.0137 | 0.0483 | 0.0715 | 0.1931 | 0.0656 | 0.0311 | 0.0461 | 0.0026 | 0.0027 | 0.0024 | 0.0023 | |
5 | 0.0528 | 0.0111 | 0.0116 | 0.0092 | 0.0593 | 0.0529 | 0.0517 | 0.2567 | 0.0458 | 0.0335 | 0.0497 | 0.0009 | 0.0011 | 0.0009 | 0.0033 | |
0 | 0.0524 | 0.0101 | 0.0128 | 0.0052 | 0.0572 | 0.0524 | 0.0410 | 0.2789 | 0.0297 | 0.0294 | 0.0523 | 0.0030 | 0.0041 | 0.0018 | 0.0488 | |
−1 | 0.0554 | 0.0113 | 0.0148 | 0.0032 | 0.0603 | 0.0499 | 0.0451 | 0.2673 | 0.0276 | 0.0279 | 0.0529 | 0.0107 | 0.0123 | 0.0053 | 0.0627 | |
−3 | 0.0513 | 0.0243 | 0.0285 | 0.0070 | 0.0485 | 0.0542 | 0.0678 | 0.2430 | 0.0311 | 0.0271 | 0.0522 | 0.0327 | 0.0372 | 0.0084 | 0.0558 | |
500 | 50 | 0.0468 | 0.0453 | 0.0453 | 0.0474 | 0.0133 | 0.0440 | 0.0703 | 0.0793 | 0.0692 | 0.0343 | 0.0475 | 0.0203 | 0.0203 | 0.0207 | 0.0266 |
20 | 0.0461 | 0.0211 | 0.0211 | 0.0217 | 0.0098 | 0.0479 | 0.0756 | 0.1507 | 0.0748 | 0.0298 | 0.0451 | 0.0027 | 0.0027 | 0.0028 | 0.0057 | |
10 | 0.0448 | 0.0159 | 0.0163 | 0.0152 | 0.0730 | 0.0451 | 0.0573 | 0.2155 | 0.0563 | 0.0320 | 0.0446 | 0.0005 | 0.0005 | 0.0006 | 0.0019 | |
5 | 0.0443 | 0.0138 | 0.0165 | 0.0130 | 0.1452 | 0.0503 | 0.0448 | 0.2851 | 0.0410 | 0.0348 | 0.0474 | 0.0003 | 0.0004 | 0.0002 | 0.0043 | |
0 | 0.0514 | 0.0088 | 0.0115 | 0.0048 | 0.0662 | 0.0575 | 0.0444 | 0.2645 | 0.0309 | 0.0293 | 0.0517 | 0.0032 | 0.0039 | 0.0023 | 0.0534 | |
−1 | 0.0531 | 0.0107 | 0.0140 | 0.0041 | 0.0554 | 0.0500 | 0.0481 | 0.2374 | 0.0306 | 0.0261 | 0.0545 | 0.0086 | 0.0102 | 0.0041 | 0.0596 | |
−3 | 0.0533 | 0.0249 | 0.0289 | 0.0088 | 0.0387 | 0.0564 | 0.0683 | 0.2041 | 0.0283 | 0.0248 | 0.0521 | 0.0280 | 0.0320 | 0.0097 | 0.0447 |
Notes: This table presents finite-sample sizes in Case 2 with for testing the null hypothesis H0: β = 0 versus the alternative H1: by the proposed RWB in Equation (14), IVX, and IVX-based bootstrap tests under 5% nominal level. RWB denotes the rejection rate for the Wald statistic by RWB. IVX1 denotes the rejection rate for the Wald statistic by Kostakis, Magdalinos, and Stamatogiannis (2015). IVX2 denotes the rejection rate for the Wald statistic by Kostakis, Magdalinos, and Stamatogiannis (2015) with possible negative Wald statistics included. Wild denotes the rejection rate for the residual wild bootstrap algorithm by Demetrescu et al. (2022). FWild denotes the rejection rate for the fixed regressor wild bootstrap algorithm by Demetrescu et al. (2022). Results are reported for different combinations of , and . The average rejection rates are calculated over 10,000 replications.
with . | ||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
. | θ = 0 . | θ = 2 . | ||||||||||||||
T . | c . | RWB . | IVX1 . | IVX2 . | Wild . | FWild . | RWB . | IVX1 . | IVX2 . | Wild . | FWild . | RWB . | IVX1 . | IVX2 . | Wild . | FWild . |
Panel A: , μ = 0 | ||||||||||||||||
100 | 50 | 0.0595 | 0.0825 | 0.0825 | 0.0834 | 0.0771 | 0.0505 | 0.0589 | 0.0589 | 0.0460 | 0.0553 | 0.0598 | 0.0839 | 0.0839 | 0.0861 | 0.0779 |
20 | 0.0531 | 0.0911 | 0.0911 | 0.0865 | 0.0841 | 0.0451 | 0.0608 | 0.0608 | 0.0447 | 0.0525 | 0.0522 | 0.0822 | 0.0822 | 0.0807 | 0.0758 | |
10 | 0.0506 | 0.0921 | 0.0921 | 0.0843 | 0.0833 | 0.0434 | 0.0629 | 0.0642 | 0.0470 | 0.0483 | 0.0509 | 0.0898 | 0.0898 | 0.0828 | 0.0824 | |
5 | 0.0520 | 0.0918 | 0.0918 | 0.0840 | 0.0817 | 0.0501 | 0.0663 | 0.0744 | 0.0486 | 0.0430 | 0.0536 | 0.0904 | 0.0904 | 0.0819 | 0.0768 | |
0 | 0.0599 | 0.0928 | 0.0929 | 0.0796 | 0.0674 | 0.0543 | 0.0685 | 0.1656 | 0.0518 | 0.0377 | 0.0546 | 0.0849 | 0.0851 | 0.0724 | 0.0663 | |
−1 | 0.0534 | 0.0861 | 0.0866 | 0.0721 | 0.0743 | 0.0554 | 0.0627 | 0.1995 | 0.0456 | 0.0359 | 0.0565 | 0.0875 | 0.0881 | 0.0711 | 0.0720 | |
−3 | 0.0481 | 0.1014 | 0.1037 | 0.0560 | 0.0986 | 0.0568 | 0.0630 | 0.2570 | 0.0370 | 0.0304 | 0.0473 | 0.0991 | 0.1031 | 0.0578 | 0.0952 | |
250 | 50 | 0.0504 | 0.0734 | 0.0734 | 0.0739 | 0.0712 | 0.0541 | 0.0469 | 0.0469 | 0.0414 | 0.0478 | 0.0536 | 0.0723 | 0.0723 | 0.0745 | 0.0713 |
20 | 0.0509 | 0.0794 | 0.0794 | 0.0784 | 0.0777 | 0.0579 | 0.0496 | 0.0497 | 0.0433 | 0.0472 | 0.0480 | 0.0791 | 0.0791 | 0.0800 | 0.0760 | |
10 | 0.0467 | 0.0841 | 0.0841 | 0.0810 | 0.0785 | 0.0540 | 0.0487 | 0.0500 | 0.0404 | 0.0394 | 0.0455 | 0.0846 | 0.0846 | 0.0819 | 0.0789 | |
5 | 0.0454 | 0.0849 | 0.0849 | 0.0817 | 0.0763 | 0.0477 | 0.0515 | 0.0573 | 0.0420 | 0.0370 | 0.0451 | 0.0848 | 0.0848 | 0.0805 | 0.0778 | |
0 | 0.0553 | 0.0767 | 0.0768 | 0.0719 | 0.0652 | 0.0499 | 0.0583 | 0.1428 | 0.0472 | 0.0300 | 0.0556 | 0.0736 | 0.0738 | 0.0682 | 0.0627 | |
−1 | 0.0585 | 0.0733 | 0.0735 | 0.0660 | 0.0684 | 0.0510 | 0.0521 | 0.1680 | 0.0422 | 0.0298 | 0.0608 | 0.0717 | 0.0722 | 0.0638 | 0.0672 | |
−3 | 0.0493 | 0.0861 | 0.0883 | 0.0558 | 0.0896 | 0.0545 | 0.0616 | 0.2148 | 0.0384 | 0.0289 | 0.0523 | 0.0807 | 0.0838 | 0.0516 | 0.0872 | |
500 | 50 | 0.0500 | 0.0721 | 0.0721 | 0.0740 | 0.0700 | 0.0520 | 0.0443 | 0.0443 | 0.0430 | 0.0442 | 0.0493 | 0.0766 | 0.0766 | 0.0759 | 0.0757 |
20 | 0.0468 | 0.0813 | 0.0813 | 0.0835 | 0.0751 | 0.0464 | 0.0407 | 0.0407 | 0.0389 | 0.0395 | 0.0486 | 0.0805 | 0.0805 | 0.0817 | 0.0781 | |
10 | 0.0497 | 0.0898 | 0.0898 | 0.0883 | 0.0830 | 0.0460 | 0.0467 | 0.0478 | 0.0412 | 0.0370 | 0.0470 | 0.0787 | 0.0787 | 0.0780 | 0.0752 | |
5 | 0.0451 | 0.0853 | 0.0853 | 0.0834 | 0.0759 | 0.0467 | 0.0480 | 0.0537 | 0.0427 | 0.0324 | 0.0442 | 0.0864 | 0.0864 | 0.0827 | 0.0786 | |
0 | 0.0547 | 0.0764 | 0.0765 | 0.0724 | 0.0675 | 0.0522 | 0.0561 | 0.1227 | 0.0468 | 0.0288 | 0.0577 | 0.0736 | 0.0737 | 0.0707 | 0.0651 | |
−1 | 0.0548 | 0.0708 | 0.0709 | 0.0682 | 0.0676 | 0.0523 | 0.0572 | 0.1605 | 0.0444 | 0.0300 | 0.0551 | 0.0692 | 0.0695 | 0.0615 | 0.0708 | |
−3 | 0.0498 | 0.0728 | 0.0750 | 0.0510 | 0.0762 | 0.0554 | 0.0702 | 0.1911 | 0.0414 | 0.0316 | 0.0524 | 0.0788 | 0.0812 | 0.0565 | 0.0817 | |
Panel B: | ||||||||||||||||
100 | 50 | 0.0614 | 0.0601 | 0.0601 | 0.0605 | 0.0584 | 0.0523 | 0.0668 | 0.0668 | 0.0502 | 0.0492 | 0.0611 | 0.0758 | 0.0758 | 0.0755 | 0.0544 |
20 | 0.0572 | 0.0376 | 0.0376 | 0.0358 | 0.0321 | 0.0480 | 0.0783 | 0.0900 | 0.0654 | 0.0366 | 0.0557 | 0.0616 | 0.0616 | 0.0610 | 0.0211 | |
10 | 0.0468 | 0.0229 | 0.0231 | 0.0211 | 0.0151 | 0.0415 | 0.0838 | 0.1424 | 0.0709 | 0.0365 | 0.0482 | 0.0331 | 0.0331 | 0.0311 | 0.0074 | |
5 | 0.0436 | 0.0149 | 0.0153 | 0.0134 | 0.0127 | 0.0470 | 0.0675 | 0.2229 | 0.0553 | 0.0361 | 0.0457 | 0.0121 | 0.0121 | 0.0112 | 0.0044 | |
0 | 0.0527 | 0.0115 | 0.0135 | 0.0053 | 0.0370 | 0.0549 | 0.0433 | 0.2965 | 0.0293 | 0.0349 | 0.0513 | 0.0049 | 0.0060 | 0.0033 | 0.0395 | |
−1 | 0.0558 | 0.0137 | 0.0161 | 0.0037 | 0.0420 | 0.0543 | 0.0485 | 0.2950 | 0.0310 | 0.0314 | 0.0544 | 0.0145 | 0.0154 | 0.0078 | 0.0691 | |
−3 | 0.0534 | 0.0317 | 0.0359 | 0.0084 | 0.0527 | 0.0548 | 0.0643 | 0.2874 | 0.0319 | 0.0302 | 0.0557 | 0.0452 | 0.0515 | 0.0085 | 0.0640 | |
250 | 50 | 0.0536 | 0.0490 | 0.0490 | 0.0511 | 0.0329 | 0.0553 | 0.0623 | 0.0639 | 0.0558 | 0.0403 | 0.0533 | 0.0470 | 0.0470 | 0.0472 | 0.0376 |
20 | 0.0489 | 0.0323 | 0.0323 | 0.0327 | 0.0075 | 0.0481 | 0.0809 | 0.1203 | 0.0775 | 0.0351 | 0.0469 | 0.0195 | 0.0195 | 0.0211 | 0.0097 | |
10 | 0.0452 | 0.0163 | 0.0163 | 0.0154 | 0.0137 | 0.0483 | 0.0715 | 0.1931 | 0.0656 | 0.0311 | 0.0461 | 0.0026 | 0.0027 | 0.0024 | 0.0023 | |
5 | 0.0528 | 0.0111 | 0.0116 | 0.0092 | 0.0593 | 0.0529 | 0.0517 | 0.2567 | 0.0458 | 0.0335 | 0.0497 | 0.0009 | 0.0011 | 0.0009 | 0.0033 | |
0 | 0.0524 | 0.0101 | 0.0128 | 0.0052 | 0.0572 | 0.0524 | 0.0410 | 0.2789 | 0.0297 | 0.0294 | 0.0523 | 0.0030 | 0.0041 | 0.0018 | 0.0488 | |
−1 | 0.0554 | 0.0113 | 0.0148 | 0.0032 | 0.0603 | 0.0499 | 0.0451 | 0.2673 | 0.0276 | 0.0279 | 0.0529 | 0.0107 | 0.0123 | 0.0053 | 0.0627 | |
−3 | 0.0513 | 0.0243 | 0.0285 | 0.0070 | 0.0485 | 0.0542 | 0.0678 | 0.2430 | 0.0311 | 0.0271 | 0.0522 | 0.0327 | 0.0372 | 0.0084 | 0.0558 | |
500 | 50 | 0.0468 | 0.0453 | 0.0453 | 0.0474 | 0.0133 | 0.0440 | 0.0703 | 0.0793 | 0.0692 | 0.0343 | 0.0475 | 0.0203 | 0.0203 | 0.0207 | 0.0266 |
20 | 0.0461 | 0.0211 | 0.0211 | 0.0217 | 0.0098 | 0.0479 | 0.0756 | 0.1507 | 0.0748 | 0.0298 | 0.0451 | 0.0027 | 0.0027 | 0.0028 | 0.0057 | |
10 | 0.0448 | 0.0159 | 0.0163 | 0.0152 | 0.0730 | 0.0451 | 0.0573 | 0.2155 | 0.0563 | 0.0320 | 0.0446 | 0.0005 | 0.0005 | 0.0006 | 0.0019 | |
5 | 0.0443 | 0.0138 | 0.0165 | 0.0130 | 0.1452 | 0.0503 | 0.0448 | 0.2851 | 0.0410 | 0.0348 | 0.0474 | 0.0003 | 0.0004 | 0.0002 | 0.0043 | |
0 | 0.0514 | 0.0088 | 0.0115 | 0.0048 | 0.0662 | 0.0575 | 0.0444 | 0.2645 | 0.0309 | 0.0293 | 0.0517 | 0.0032 | 0.0039 | 0.0023 | 0.0534 | |
−1 | 0.0531 | 0.0107 | 0.0140 | 0.0041 | 0.0554 | 0.0500 | 0.0481 | 0.2374 | 0.0306 | 0.0261 | 0.0545 | 0.0086 | 0.0102 | 0.0041 | 0.0596 | |
−3 | 0.0533 | 0.0249 | 0.0289 | 0.0088 | 0.0387 | 0.0564 | 0.0683 | 0.2041 | 0.0283 | 0.0248 | 0.0521 | 0.0280 | 0.0320 | 0.0097 | 0.0447 |
with . | ||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
. | θ = 0 . | θ = 2 . | ||||||||||||||
T . | c . | RWB . | IVX1 . | IVX2 . | Wild . | FWild . | RWB . | IVX1 . | IVX2 . | Wild . | FWild . | RWB . | IVX1 . | IVX2 . | Wild . | FWild . |
Panel A: , μ = 0 | ||||||||||||||||
100 | 50 | 0.0595 | 0.0825 | 0.0825 | 0.0834 | 0.0771 | 0.0505 | 0.0589 | 0.0589 | 0.0460 | 0.0553 | 0.0598 | 0.0839 | 0.0839 | 0.0861 | 0.0779 |
20 | 0.0531 | 0.0911 | 0.0911 | 0.0865 | 0.0841 | 0.0451 | 0.0608 | 0.0608 | 0.0447 | 0.0525 | 0.0522 | 0.0822 | 0.0822 | 0.0807 | 0.0758 | |
10 | 0.0506 | 0.0921 | 0.0921 | 0.0843 | 0.0833 | 0.0434 | 0.0629 | 0.0642 | 0.0470 | 0.0483 | 0.0509 | 0.0898 | 0.0898 | 0.0828 | 0.0824 | |
5 | 0.0520 | 0.0918 | 0.0918 | 0.0840 | 0.0817 | 0.0501 | 0.0663 | 0.0744 | 0.0486 | 0.0430 | 0.0536 | 0.0904 | 0.0904 | 0.0819 | 0.0768 | |
0 | 0.0599 | 0.0928 | 0.0929 | 0.0796 | 0.0674 | 0.0543 | 0.0685 | 0.1656 | 0.0518 | 0.0377 | 0.0546 | 0.0849 | 0.0851 | 0.0724 | 0.0663 | |
−1 | 0.0534 | 0.0861 | 0.0866 | 0.0721 | 0.0743 | 0.0554 | 0.0627 | 0.1995 | 0.0456 | 0.0359 | 0.0565 | 0.0875 | 0.0881 | 0.0711 | 0.0720 | |
−3 | 0.0481 | 0.1014 | 0.1037 | 0.0560 | 0.0986 | 0.0568 | 0.0630 | 0.2570 | 0.0370 | 0.0304 | 0.0473 | 0.0991 | 0.1031 | 0.0578 | 0.0952 | |
250 | 50 | 0.0504 | 0.0734 | 0.0734 | 0.0739 | 0.0712 | 0.0541 | 0.0469 | 0.0469 | 0.0414 | 0.0478 | 0.0536 | 0.0723 | 0.0723 | 0.0745 | 0.0713 |
20 | 0.0509 | 0.0794 | 0.0794 | 0.0784 | 0.0777 | 0.0579 | 0.0496 | 0.0497 | 0.0433 | 0.0472 | 0.0480 | 0.0791 | 0.0791 | 0.0800 | 0.0760 | |
10 | 0.0467 | 0.0841 | 0.0841 | 0.0810 | 0.0785 | 0.0540 | 0.0487 | 0.0500 | 0.0404 | 0.0394 | 0.0455 | 0.0846 | 0.0846 | 0.0819 | 0.0789 | |
5 | 0.0454 | 0.0849 | 0.0849 | 0.0817 | 0.0763 | 0.0477 | 0.0515 | 0.0573 | 0.0420 | 0.0370 | 0.0451 | 0.0848 | 0.0848 | 0.0805 | 0.0778 | |
0 | 0.0553 | 0.0767 | 0.0768 | 0.0719 | 0.0652 | 0.0499 | 0.0583 | 0.1428 | 0.0472 | 0.0300 | 0.0556 | 0.0736 | 0.0738 | 0.0682 | 0.0627 | |
−1 | 0.0585 | 0.0733 | 0.0735 | 0.0660 | 0.0684 | 0.0510 | 0.0521 | 0.1680 | 0.0422 | 0.0298 | 0.0608 | 0.0717 | 0.0722 | 0.0638 | 0.0672 | |
−3 | 0.0493 | 0.0861 | 0.0883 | 0.0558 | 0.0896 | 0.0545 | 0.0616 | 0.2148 | 0.0384 | 0.0289 | 0.0523 | 0.0807 | 0.0838 | 0.0516 | 0.0872 | |
500 | 50 | 0.0500 | 0.0721 | 0.0721 | 0.0740 | 0.0700 | 0.0520 | 0.0443 | 0.0443 | 0.0430 | 0.0442 | 0.0493 | 0.0766 | 0.0766 | 0.0759 | 0.0757 |
20 | 0.0468 | 0.0813 | 0.0813 | 0.0835 | 0.0751 | 0.0464 | 0.0407 | 0.0407 | 0.0389 | 0.0395 | 0.0486 | 0.0805 | 0.0805 | 0.0817 | 0.0781 | |
10 | 0.0497 | 0.0898 | 0.0898 | 0.0883 | 0.0830 | 0.0460 | 0.0467 | 0.0478 | 0.0412 | 0.0370 | 0.0470 | 0.0787 | 0.0787 | 0.0780 | 0.0752 | |
5 | 0.0451 | 0.0853 | 0.0853 | 0.0834 | 0.0759 | 0.0467 | 0.0480 | 0.0537 | 0.0427 | 0.0324 | 0.0442 | 0.0864 | 0.0864 | 0.0827 | 0.0786 | |
0 | 0.0547 | 0.0764 | 0.0765 | 0.0724 | 0.0675 | 0.0522 | 0.0561 | 0.1227 | 0.0468 | 0.0288 | 0.0577 | 0.0736 | 0.0737 | 0.0707 | 0.0651 | |
−1 | 0.0548 | 0.0708 | 0.0709 | 0.0682 | 0.0676 | 0.0523 | 0.0572 | 0.1605 | 0.0444 | 0.0300 | 0.0551 | 0.0692 | 0.0695 | 0.0615 | 0.0708 | |
−3 | 0.0498 | 0.0728 | 0.0750 | 0.0510 | 0.0762 | 0.0554 | 0.0702 | 0.1911 | 0.0414 | 0.0316 | 0.0524 | 0.0788 | 0.0812 | 0.0565 | 0.0817 | |
Panel B: | ||||||||||||||||
100 | 50 | 0.0614 | 0.0601 | 0.0601 | 0.0605 | 0.0584 | 0.0523 | 0.0668 | 0.0668 | 0.0502 | 0.0492 | 0.0611 | 0.0758 | 0.0758 | 0.0755 | 0.0544 |
20 | 0.0572 | 0.0376 | 0.0376 | 0.0358 | 0.0321 | 0.0480 | 0.0783 | 0.0900 | 0.0654 | 0.0366 | 0.0557 | 0.0616 | 0.0616 | 0.0610 | 0.0211 | |
10 | 0.0468 | 0.0229 | 0.0231 | 0.0211 | 0.0151 | 0.0415 | 0.0838 | 0.1424 | 0.0709 | 0.0365 | 0.0482 | 0.0331 | 0.0331 | 0.0311 | 0.0074 | |
5 | 0.0436 | 0.0149 | 0.0153 | 0.0134 | 0.0127 | 0.0470 | 0.0675 | 0.2229 | 0.0553 | 0.0361 | 0.0457 | 0.0121 | 0.0121 | 0.0112 | 0.0044 | |
0 | 0.0527 | 0.0115 | 0.0135 | 0.0053 | 0.0370 | 0.0549 | 0.0433 | 0.2965 | 0.0293 | 0.0349 | 0.0513 | 0.0049 | 0.0060 | 0.0033 | 0.0395 | |
−1 | 0.0558 | 0.0137 | 0.0161 | 0.0037 | 0.0420 | 0.0543 | 0.0485 | 0.2950 | 0.0310 | 0.0314 | 0.0544 | 0.0145 | 0.0154 | 0.0078 | 0.0691 | |
−3 | 0.0534 | 0.0317 | 0.0359 | 0.0084 | 0.0527 | 0.0548 | 0.0643 | 0.2874 | 0.0319 | 0.0302 | 0.0557 | 0.0452 | 0.0515 | 0.0085 | 0.0640 | |
250 | 50 | 0.0536 | 0.0490 | 0.0490 | 0.0511 | 0.0329 | 0.0553 | 0.0623 | 0.0639 | 0.0558 | 0.0403 | 0.0533 | 0.0470 | 0.0470 | 0.0472 | 0.0376 |
20 | 0.0489 | 0.0323 | 0.0323 | 0.0327 | 0.0075 | 0.0481 | 0.0809 | 0.1203 | 0.0775 | 0.0351 | 0.0469 | 0.0195 | 0.0195 | 0.0211 | 0.0097 | |
10 | 0.0452 | 0.0163 | 0.0163 | 0.0154 | 0.0137 | 0.0483 | 0.0715 | 0.1931 | 0.0656 | 0.0311 | 0.0461 | 0.0026 | 0.0027 | 0.0024 | 0.0023 | |
5 | 0.0528 | 0.0111 | 0.0116 | 0.0092 | 0.0593 | 0.0529 | 0.0517 | 0.2567 | 0.0458 | 0.0335 | 0.0497 | 0.0009 | 0.0011 | 0.0009 | 0.0033 | |
0 | 0.0524 | 0.0101 | 0.0128 | 0.0052 | 0.0572 | 0.0524 | 0.0410 | 0.2789 | 0.0297 | 0.0294 | 0.0523 | 0.0030 | 0.0041 | 0.0018 | 0.0488 | |
−1 | 0.0554 | 0.0113 | 0.0148 | 0.0032 | 0.0603 | 0.0499 | 0.0451 | 0.2673 | 0.0276 | 0.0279 | 0.0529 | 0.0107 | 0.0123 | 0.0053 | 0.0627 | |
−3 | 0.0513 | 0.0243 | 0.0285 | 0.0070 | 0.0485 | 0.0542 | 0.0678 | 0.2430 | 0.0311 | 0.0271 | 0.0522 | 0.0327 | 0.0372 | 0.0084 | 0.0558 | |
500 | 50 | 0.0468 | 0.0453 | 0.0453 | 0.0474 | 0.0133 | 0.0440 | 0.0703 | 0.0793 | 0.0692 | 0.0343 | 0.0475 | 0.0203 | 0.0203 | 0.0207 | 0.0266 |
20 | 0.0461 | 0.0211 | 0.0211 | 0.0217 | 0.0098 | 0.0479 | 0.0756 | 0.1507 | 0.0748 | 0.0298 | 0.0451 | 0.0027 | 0.0027 | 0.0028 | 0.0057 | |
10 | 0.0448 | 0.0159 | 0.0163 | 0.0152 | 0.0730 | 0.0451 | 0.0573 | 0.2155 | 0.0563 | 0.0320 | 0.0446 | 0.0005 | 0.0005 | 0.0006 | 0.0019 | |
5 | 0.0443 | 0.0138 | 0.0165 | 0.0130 | 0.1452 | 0.0503 | 0.0448 | 0.2851 | 0.0410 | 0.0348 | 0.0474 | 0.0003 | 0.0004 | 0.0002 | 0.0043 | |
0 | 0.0514 | 0.0088 | 0.0115 | 0.0048 | 0.0662 | 0.0575 | 0.0444 | 0.2645 | 0.0309 | 0.0293 | 0.0517 | 0.0032 | 0.0039 | 0.0023 | 0.0534 | |
−1 | 0.0531 | 0.0107 | 0.0140 | 0.0041 | 0.0554 | 0.0500 | 0.0481 | 0.2374 | 0.0306 | 0.0261 | 0.0545 | 0.0086 | 0.0102 | 0.0041 | 0.0596 | |
−3 | 0.0533 | 0.0249 | 0.0289 | 0.0088 | 0.0387 | 0.0564 | 0.0683 | 0.2041 | 0.0283 | 0.0248 | 0.0521 | 0.0280 | 0.0320 | 0.0097 | 0.0447 |
Notes: This table presents finite-sample sizes in Case 2 with for testing the null hypothesis H0: β = 0 versus the alternative H1: by the proposed RWB in Equation (14), IVX, and IVX-based bootstrap tests under 5% nominal level. RWB denotes the rejection rate for the Wald statistic by RWB. IVX1 denotes the rejection rate for the Wald statistic by Kostakis, Magdalinos, and Stamatogiannis (2015). IVX2 denotes the rejection rate for the Wald statistic by Kostakis, Magdalinos, and Stamatogiannis (2015) with possible negative Wald statistics included. Wild denotes the rejection rate for the residual wild bootstrap algorithm by Demetrescu et al. (2022). FWild denotes the rejection rate for the fixed regressor wild bootstrap algorithm by Demetrescu et al. (2022). Results are reported for different combinations of , and . The average rejection rates are calculated over 10,000 replications.
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