| . | Before PSM . | After PSM . | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total (n = 4626) . | Non-PCS (n = 4532) . | PCS (n = 94) . | P-value . | Total (n = 370) . | Non-PCS (n = 296) . | PCS (n = 74) . | P-value . | |
| Index year | 0.524a | 0.761b | ||||||
| 2004∼2009 | 1559 (33.7) | 1530 (33.8) | 29 (30.9) | 117 (31.6) | 93 (31.4) | 24 (32.4) | ||
| 2010∼2014 | 2000 (43.2) | 1954 (43.1) | 46 (48.9) | 174 (47.0) | 138 (46.6) | 36 (48.6) | ||
| 2015∼2017 | 1067 (23.1) | 1048 (23.1) | 19 (20.2) | 79 (21.4) | 65 (22.0) | 14 (18.9) | ||
| Age (years) | <0.001c* | 0.073b | ||||||
| <40 | 336 (7.3) | 334 (7.4) | 2 (2.1) | 6 (1.6) | 4 (1.4) | 2 (2.7) | ||
| 40-49 | 746 (16.1) | 743 (16.4) | 3 (3.2) | 9 (2.4) | 6 (2.0) | 3 (4.1) | ||
| 50-59 | 1239 (26.8) | 1225 (27.0) | 14 (14.9) | 50 (13.5) | 36 (12.2) | 14 (18.9) | ||
| 60-69 | 1142 (24.7) | 1113 (24.6) | 29 (30.9) | 126 (34.1) | 103 (34.8) | 23 (31.1) | ||
| 70-79 | 850 (18.4) | 813 (17.9) | 37 (39.4) | 136 (36.8) | 112 (37.8) | 24 (32.4) | ||
| >80 | 313 (6.8) | 304 (6.7) | 9 (9.6) | 43 (11.6) | 35 (11.8) | 8 (10.8) | ||
| Mean ± SD | 59.4 ± 13.5 | 59.2 ± 13.5 | 67.1 ± 10.9 | 67.9 ± 10.6 | 68.4 ± 10.3 | 65.9 ± 11.7 | ||
| Sex | 0.133a | 0.685b | ||||||
| Male | 3112 (67.3) | 3042 (67.1) | 70 (74.5) | 265 (71.6) | 213 (72.0) | 52 (70.3) | ||
| Female | 1514 (32.7) | 1490 (32.9) | 24 (25.5) | 105 (28.4) | 83 (28.0) | 22 (29.7) | ||
| Comorbidities | ||||||||
| Hypertension | 3349 (72.4) | 3279 (72.4) | 70 (74.5) | 0.650a | 267 (72.2) | 215 (72.6) | 52 (70.3) | 0.678b |
| Diabetes mellitus | 534 (11.5) | 512 (11.3) | 22 (23.4) | <0.001a* | 80 (21.6) | 65 (22.0) | 15 (20.3) | 0.687b |
| Heart failure | 358 (7.7) | 334 (7.4) | 24 (25.5) | <0.001a* | 61 (16.5) | 50 (16.9) | 11 (14.9) | 0.441b |
| Myocardial infarction history | 192 (4.2) | 186 (4.1) | 6 (6.4) | 0.286d | 28 (7.6) | 25 (8.4) | 3 (4.1) | 0.217b |
| Atrial fibrillation | 289 (6.2) | 265 (5.8) | 24 (25.5) | <0.001a* | 62 (16.8) | 53 (17.9) | 9 (12.2) | 0.161b |
| Peripheral arterial disease | 179 (3.9) | 175 (3.9) | 4 (4.3) | 0.784d | 9 (2.4) | 8 (2.7) | 1 (1.4) | 0.502b |
| Stroke history | 608 (13.1) | 605 (13.3) | 3 (3.2) | 0.004d* | 14 (3.8) | 11 (3.7) | 3 (4.1) | 0.790b |
| Chronic kidney disease | 306 (6.6) | 300 (6.6) | 6 (6.4) | 0.927a | 20 (5.4) | 16 (5.4) | 4 (5.4) | 1.000b |
| ESRD | 94 (2.0) | 91 (2.0) | 3 (3.2) | 0.441d | 5 (1.4) | 3 (1.0) | 2 (2.7) | 0.283b |
| Chronic liver disease | 210 (4.5) | 204 (4.5) | 6 (6.4) | 0.321d | 25 (6.8) | 20 (6.8) | 5 (6.8) | 1.000b |
| Marfan syndrome | 98 (2.1) | 96 (2.1) | 2 (2.1) | 1.000d | 3 (0.8) | 1 (0.3) | 2 (2.7) | 0.090b |
| Coagulopathy | 69 (1.5) | 65 (1.4) | 4 (4.3) | 0.051d | 9 (2.4) | 8 (2.7) | 1 (1.4) | 0.445b |
| Any malignancy | 169 (3.7) | 161 (3.6) | 8 (8.5) | 0.021d* | 21 (5.7) | 17 (5.7) | 4 (5.4) | 0.908b |
| Preoperative emergency management | ||||||||
| Cardiopulmonary resuscitation | 428 (9.3) | 416 (9.2) | 12 (12.8) | 0.235a | 41 (11.1) | 32 (10.8) | 9 (12.2) | 0.706b |
| Endotracheal intubation | 923 (20.0) | 901 (19.9) | 22 (23.4) | 0.398a | 81 (21.9) | 62 (20.9) | 19 (25.7) | 0.365b |
| PCS categories | ||||||||
| Valve | — | — | 55 (58.5) | N/A | — | — | 41 (55.4) | N/A |
| CABG | — | — | 31 (33.0) | N/A | — | — | 24 (32.4) | N/A |
| Aorta | — | — | 25 (26.6) | N/A | — | — | 21 (28.4) | N/A |
| Otherse | — | — | 9 (9.6) | N/A | — | — | 6 (8.1) | N/A |
| Duration from PCS to index surgery (days) | — | — | 1504.0 ± 1243.2 | — | — | 1431.6 ± 1223.6 | ||
| . | Before PSM . | After PSM . | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total (n = 4626) . | Non-PCS (n = 4532) . | PCS (n = 94) . | P-value . | Total (n = 370) . | Non-PCS (n = 296) . | PCS (n = 74) . | P-value . | |
| Index year | 0.524a | 0.761b | ||||||
| 2004∼2009 | 1559 (33.7) | 1530 (33.8) | 29 (30.9) | 117 (31.6) | 93 (31.4) | 24 (32.4) | ||
| 2010∼2014 | 2000 (43.2) | 1954 (43.1) | 46 (48.9) | 174 (47.0) | 138 (46.6) | 36 (48.6) | ||
| 2015∼2017 | 1067 (23.1) | 1048 (23.1) | 19 (20.2) | 79 (21.4) | 65 (22.0) | 14 (18.9) | ||
| Age (years) | <0.001c* | 0.073b | ||||||
| <40 | 336 (7.3) | 334 (7.4) | 2 (2.1) | 6 (1.6) | 4 (1.4) | 2 (2.7) | ||
| 40-49 | 746 (16.1) | 743 (16.4) | 3 (3.2) | 9 (2.4) | 6 (2.0) | 3 (4.1) | ||
| 50-59 | 1239 (26.8) | 1225 (27.0) | 14 (14.9) | 50 (13.5) | 36 (12.2) | 14 (18.9) | ||
| 60-69 | 1142 (24.7) | 1113 (24.6) | 29 (30.9) | 126 (34.1) | 103 (34.8) | 23 (31.1) | ||
| 70-79 | 850 (18.4) | 813 (17.9) | 37 (39.4) | 136 (36.8) | 112 (37.8) | 24 (32.4) | ||
| >80 | 313 (6.8) | 304 (6.7) | 9 (9.6) | 43 (11.6) | 35 (11.8) | 8 (10.8) | ||
| Mean ± SD | 59.4 ± 13.5 | 59.2 ± 13.5 | 67.1 ± 10.9 | 67.9 ± 10.6 | 68.4 ± 10.3 | 65.9 ± 11.7 | ||
| Sex | 0.133a | 0.685b | ||||||
| Male | 3112 (67.3) | 3042 (67.1) | 70 (74.5) | 265 (71.6) | 213 (72.0) | 52 (70.3) | ||
| Female | 1514 (32.7) | 1490 (32.9) | 24 (25.5) | 105 (28.4) | 83 (28.0) | 22 (29.7) | ||
| Comorbidities | ||||||||
| Hypertension | 3349 (72.4) | 3279 (72.4) | 70 (74.5) | 0.650a | 267 (72.2) | 215 (72.6) | 52 (70.3) | 0.678b |
| Diabetes mellitus | 534 (11.5) | 512 (11.3) | 22 (23.4) | <0.001a* | 80 (21.6) | 65 (22.0) | 15 (20.3) | 0.687b |
| Heart failure | 358 (7.7) | 334 (7.4) | 24 (25.5) | <0.001a* | 61 (16.5) | 50 (16.9) | 11 (14.9) | 0.441b |
| Myocardial infarction history | 192 (4.2) | 186 (4.1) | 6 (6.4) | 0.286d | 28 (7.6) | 25 (8.4) | 3 (4.1) | 0.217b |
| Atrial fibrillation | 289 (6.2) | 265 (5.8) | 24 (25.5) | <0.001a* | 62 (16.8) | 53 (17.9) | 9 (12.2) | 0.161b |
| Peripheral arterial disease | 179 (3.9) | 175 (3.9) | 4 (4.3) | 0.784d | 9 (2.4) | 8 (2.7) | 1 (1.4) | 0.502b |
| Stroke history | 608 (13.1) | 605 (13.3) | 3 (3.2) | 0.004d* | 14 (3.8) | 11 (3.7) | 3 (4.1) | 0.790b |
| Chronic kidney disease | 306 (6.6) | 300 (6.6) | 6 (6.4) | 0.927a | 20 (5.4) | 16 (5.4) | 4 (5.4) | 1.000b |
| ESRD | 94 (2.0) | 91 (2.0) | 3 (3.2) | 0.441d | 5 (1.4) | 3 (1.0) | 2 (2.7) | 0.283b |
| Chronic liver disease | 210 (4.5) | 204 (4.5) | 6 (6.4) | 0.321d | 25 (6.8) | 20 (6.8) | 5 (6.8) | 1.000b |
| Marfan syndrome | 98 (2.1) | 96 (2.1) | 2 (2.1) | 1.000d | 3 (0.8) | 1 (0.3) | 2 (2.7) | 0.090b |
| Coagulopathy | 69 (1.5) | 65 (1.4) | 4 (4.3) | 0.051d | 9 (2.4) | 8 (2.7) | 1 (1.4) | 0.445b |
| Any malignancy | 169 (3.7) | 161 (3.6) | 8 (8.5) | 0.021d* | 21 (5.7) | 17 (5.7) | 4 (5.4) | 0.908b |
| Preoperative emergency management | ||||||||
| Cardiopulmonary resuscitation | 428 (9.3) | 416 (9.2) | 12 (12.8) | 0.235a | 41 (11.1) | 32 (10.8) | 9 (12.2) | 0.706b |
| Endotracheal intubation | 923 (20.0) | 901 (19.9) | 22 (23.4) | 0.398a | 81 (21.9) | 62 (20.9) | 19 (25.7) | 0.365b |
| PCS categories | ||||||||
| Valve | — | — | 55 (58.5) | N/A | — | — | 41 (55.4) | N/A |
| CABG | — | — | 31 (33.0) | N/A | — | — | 24 (32.4) | N/A |
| Aorta | — | — | 25 (26.6) | N/A | — | — | 21 (28.4) | N/A |
| Otherse | — | — | 9 (9.6) | N/A | — | — | 6 (8.1) | N/A |
| Duration from PCS to index surgery (days) | — | — | 1504.0 ± 1243.2 | — | — | 1431.6 ± 1223.6 | ||
CABG: coronary artery bypass grafting; ESRD: end-stage renal disease; PCS: previous cardiac surgery; PSM: propensity score matching.
Chi-square test.
Conditional logistic regression.
Independent t-test.
Fisher’s exact test.
Including cardiotomy, intracardiac tumour resection, repair of congenital heart defect, repair of ventricular aneurysm, maze procedure and pulmonary embolectomy.
*P < 0.05.
| . | Before PSM . | After PSM . | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total (n = 4626) . | Non-PCS (n = 4532) . | PCS (n = 94) . | P-value . | Total (n = 370) . | Non-PCS (n = 296) . | PCS (n = 74) . | P-value . | |
| Index year | 0.524a | 0.761b | ||||||
| 2004∼2009 | 1559 (33.7) | 1530 (33.8) | 29 (30.9) | 117 (31.6) | 93 (31.4) | 24 (32.4) | ||
| 2010∼2014 | 2000 (43.2) | 1954 (43.1) | 46 (48.9) | 174 (47.0) | 138 (46.6) | 36 (48.6) | ||
| 2015∼2017 | 1067 (23.1) | 1048 (23.1) | 19 (20.2) | 79 (21.4) | 65 (22.0) | 14 (18.9) | ||
| Age (years) | <0.001c* | 0.073b | ||||||
| <40 | 336 (7.3) | 334 (7.4) | 2 (2.1) | 6 (1.6) | 4 (1.4) | 2 (2.7) | ||
| 40-49 | 746 (16.1) | 743 (16.4) | 3 (3.2) | 9 (2.4) | 6 (2.0) | 3 (4.1) | ||
| 50-59 | 1239 (26.8) | 1225 (27.0) | 14 (14.9) | 50 (13.5) | 36 (12.2) | 14 (18.9) | ||
| 60-69 | 1142 (24.7) | 1113 (24.6) | 29 (30.9) | 126 (34.1) | 103 (34.8) | 23 (31.1) | ||
| 70-79 | 850 (18.4) | 813 (17.9) | 37 (39.4) | 136 (36.8) | 112 (37.8) | 24 (32.4) | ||
| >80 | 313 (6.8) | 304 (6.7) | 9 (9.6) | 43 (11.6) | 35 (11.8) | 8 (10.8) | ||
| Mean ± SD | 59.4 ± 13.5 | 59.2 ± 13.5 | 67.1 ± 10.9 | 67.9 ± 10.6 | 68.4 ± 10.3 | 65.9 ± 11.7 | ||
| Sex | 0.133a | 0.685b | ||||||
| Male | 3112 (67.3) | 3042 (67.1) | 70 (74.5) | 265 (71.6) | 213 (72.0) | 52 (70.3) | ||
| Female | 1514 (32.7) | 1490 (32.9) | 24 (25.5) | 105 (28.4) | 83 (28.0) | 22 (29.7) | ||
| Comorbidities | ||||||||
| Hypertension | 3349 (72.4) | 3279 (72.4) | 70 (74.5) | 0.650a | 267 (72.2) | 215 (72.6) | 52 (70.3) | 0.678b |
| Diabetes mellitus | 534 (11.5) | 512 (11.3) | 22 (23.4) | <0.001a* | 80 (21.6) | 65 (22.0) | 15 (20.3) | 0.687b |
| Heart failure | 358 (7.7) | 334 (7.4) | 24 (25.5) | <0.001a* | 61 (16.5) | 50 (16.9) | 11 (14.9) | 0.441b |
| Myocardial infarction history | 192 (4.2) | 186 (4.1) | 6 (6.4) | 0.286d | 28 (7.6) | 25 (8.4) | 3 (4.1) | 0.217b |
| Atrial fibrillation | 289 (6.2) | 265 (5.8) | 24 (25.5) | <0.001a* | 62 (16.8) | 53 (17.9) | 9 (12.2) | 0.161b |
| Peripheral arterial disease | 179 (3.9) | 175 (3.9) | 4 (4.3) | 0.784d | 9 (2.4) | 8 (2.7) | 1 (1.4) | 0.502b |
| Stroke history | 608 (13.1) | 605 (13.3) | 3 (3.2) | 0.004d* | 14 (3.8) | 11 (3.7) | 3 (4.1) | 0.790b |
| Chronic kidney disease | 306 (6.6) | 300 (6.6) | 6 (6.4) | 0.927a | 20 (5.4) | 16 (5.4) | 4 (5.4) | 1.000b |
| ESRD | 94 (2.0) | 91 (2.0) | 3 (3.2) | 0.441d | 5 (1.4) | 3 (1.0) | 2 (2.7) | 0.283b |
| Chronic liver disease | 210 (4.5) | 204 (4.5) | 6 (6.4) | 0.321d | 25 (6.8) | 20 (6.8) | 5 (6.8) | 1.000b |
| Marfan syndrome | 98 (2.1) | 96 (2.1) | 2 (2.1) | 1.000d | 3 (0.8) | 1 (0.3) | 2 (2.7) | 0.090b |
| Coagulopathy | 69 (1.5) | 65 (1.4) | 4 (4.3) | 0.051d | 9 (2.4) | 8 (2.7) | 1 (1.4) | 0.445b |
| Any malignancy | 169 (3.7) | 161 (3.6) | 8 (8.5) | 0.021d* | 21 (5.7) | 17 (5.7) | 4 (5.4) | 0.908b |
| Preoperative emergency management | ||||||||
| Cardiopulmonary resuscitation | 428 (9.3) | 416 (9.2) | 12 (12.8) | 0.235a | 41 (11.1) | 32 (10.8) | 9 (12.2) | 0.706b |
| Endotracheal intubation | 923 (20.0) | 901 (19.9) | 22 (23.4) | 0.398a | 81 (21.9) | 62 (20.9) | 19 (25.7) | 0.365b |
| PCS categories | ||||||||
| Valve | — | — | 55 (58.5) | N/A | — | — | 41 (55.4) | N/A |
| CABG | — | — | 31 (33.0) | N/A | — | — | 24 (32.4) | N/A |
| Aorta | — | — | 25 (26.6) | N/A | — | — | 21 (28.4) | N/A |
| Otherse | — | — | 9 (9.6) | N/A | — | — | 6 (8.1) | N/A |
| Duration from PCS to index surgery (days) | — | — | 1504.0 ± 1243.2 | — | — | 1431.6 ± 1223.6 | ||
| . | Before PSM . | After PSM . | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total (n = 4626) . | Non-PCS (n = 4532) . | PCS (n = 94) . | P-value . | Total (n = 370) . | Non-PCS (n = 296) . | PCS (n = 74) . | P-value . | |
| Index year | 0.524a | 0.761b | ||||||
| 2004∼2009 | 1559 (33.7) | 1530 (33.8) | 29 (30.9) | 117 (31.6) | 93 (31.4) | 24 (32.4) | ||
| 2010∼2014 | 2000 (43.2) | 1954 (43.1) | 46 (48.9) | 174 (47.0) | 138 (46.6) | 36 (48.6) | ||
| 2015∼2017 | 1067 (23.1) | 1048 (23.1) | 19 (20.2) | 79 (21.4) | 65 (22.0) | 14 (18.9) | ||
| Age (years) | <0.001c* | 0.073b | ||||||
| <40 | 336 (7.3) | 334 (7.4) | 2 (2.1) | 6 (1.6) | 4 (1.4) | 2 (2.7) | ||
| 40-49 | 746 (16.1) | 743 (16.4) | 3 (3.2) | 9 (2.4) | 6 (2.0) | 3 (4.1) | ||
| 50-59 | 1239 (26.8) | 1225 (27.0) | 14 (14.9) | 50 (13.5) | 36 (12.2) | 14 (18.9) | ||
| 60-69 | 1142 (24.7) | 1113 (24.6) | 29 (30.9) | 126 (34.1) | 103 (34.8) | 23 (31.1) | ||
| 70-79 | 850 (18.4) | 813 (17.9) | 37 (39.4) | 136 (36.8) | 112 (37.8) | 24 (32.4) | ||
| >80 | 313 (6.8) | 304 (6.7) | 9 (9.6) | 43 (11.6) | 35 (11.8) | 8 (10.8) | ||
| Mean ± SD | 59.4 ± 13.5 | 59.2 ± 13.5 | 67.1 ± 10.9 | 67.9 ± 10.6 | 68.4 ± 10.3 | 65.9 ± 11.7 | ||
| Sex | 0.133a | 0.685b | ||||||
| Male | 3112 (67.3) | 3042 (67.1) | 70 (74.5) | 265 (71.6) | 213 (72.0) | 52 (70.3) | ||
| Female | 1514 (32.7) | 1490 (32.9) | 24 (25.5) | 105 (28.4) | 83 (28.0) | 22 (29.7) | ||
| Comorbidities | ||||||||
| Hypertension | 3349 (72.4) | 3279 (72.4) | 70 (74.5) | 0.650a | 267 (72.2) | 215 (72.6) | 52 (70.3) | 0.678b |
| Diabetes mellitus | 534 (11.5) | 512 (11.3) | 22 (23.4) | <0.001a* | 80 (21.6) | 65 (22.0) | 15 (20.3) | 0.687b |
| Heart failure | 358 (7.7) | 334 (7.4) | 24 (25.5) | <0.001a* | 61 (16.5) | 50 (16.9) | 11 (14.9) | 0.441b |
| Myocardial infarction history | 192 (4.2) | 186 (4.1) | 6 (6.4) | 0.286d | 28 (7.6) | 25 (8.4) | 3 (4.1) | 0.217b |
| Atrial fibrillation | 289 (6.2) | 265 (5.8) | 24 (25.5) | <0.001a* | 62 (16.8) | 53 (17.9) | 9 (12.2) | 0.161b |
| Peripheral arterial disease | 179 (3.9) | 175 (3.9) | 4 (4.3) | 0.784d | 9 (2.4) | 8 (2.7) | 1 (1.4) | 0.502b |
| Stroke history | 608 (13.1) | 605 (13.3) | 3 (3.2) | 0.004d* | 14 (3.8) | 11 (3.7) | 3 (4.1) | 0.790b |
| Chronic kidney disease | 306 (6.6) | 300 (6.6) | 6 (6.4) | 0.927a | 20 (5.4) | 16 (5.4) | 4 (5.4) | 1.000b |
| ESRD | 94 (2.0) | 91 (2.0) | 3 (3.2) | 0.441d | 5 (1.4) | 3 (1.0) | 2 (2.7) | 0.283b |
| Chronic liver disease | 210 (4.5) | 204 (4.5) | 6 (6.4) | 0.321d | 25 (6.8) | 20 (6.8) | 5 (6.8) | 1.000b |
| Marfan syndrome | 98 (2.1) | 96 (2.1) | 2 (2.1) | 1.000d | 3 (0.8) | 1 (0.3) | 2 (2.7) | 0.090b |
| Coagulopathy | 69 (1.5) | 65 (1.4) | 4 (4.3) | 0.051d | 9 (2.4) | 8 (2.7) | 1 (1.4) | 0.445b |
| Any malignancy | 169 (3.7) | 161 (3.6) | 8 (8.5) | 0.021d* | 21 (5.7) | 17 (5.7) | 4 (5.4) | 0.908b |
| Preoperative emergency management | ||||||||
| Cardiopulmonary resuscitation | 428 (9.3) | 416 (9.2) | 12 (12.8) | 0.235a | 41 (11.1) | 32 (10.8) | 9 (12.2) | 0.706b |
| Endotracheal intubation | 923 (20.0) | 901 (19.9) | 22 (23.4) | 0.398a | 81 (21.9) | 62 (20.9) | 19 (25.7) | 0.365b |
| PCS categories | ||||||||
| Valve | — | — | 55 (58.5) | N/A | — | — | 41 (55.4) | N/A |
| CABG | — | — | 31 (33.0) | N/A | — | — | 24 (32.4) | N/A |
| Aorta | — | — | 25 (26.6) | N/A | — | — | 21 (28.4) | N/A |
| Otherse | — | — | 9 (9.6) | N/A | — | — | 6 (8.1) | N/A |
| Duration from PCS to index surgery (days) | — | — | 1504.0 ± 1243.2 | — | — | 1431.6 ± 1223.6 | ||
CABG: coronary artery bypass grafting; ESRD: end-stage renal disease; PCS: previous cardiac surgery; PSM: propensity score matching.
Chi-square test.
Conditional logistic regression.
Independent t-test.
Fisher’s exact test.
Including cardiotomy, intracardiac tumour resection, repair of congenital heart defect, repair of ventricular aneurysm, maze procedure and pulmonary embolectomy.
*P < 0.05.
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