| Domain . | Chen 2018 . | Feizi 2021 . | Guo 2022 . | Joy 2020 . | Leslie 2014 . | Mladenovic 2024 . | Mostanghi 2021 . | Pliska 2016 . | Shannon 2012 . | Stefanovic 2023 . | Valiathan 2010 . |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Confounding (crowding, skeletal pattern, amount of retraction, age, sex, BMI) | Critical | Critical | Moderate | Moderate | Critical | Serious | Critical | Serious | Critical | Critical | Serious |
| Selection of participants into the study | Critical | Critical | Critical | Critical | Critical | Critical | Critical | Critical | Critical | Critical | Critical |
| Classification interventions | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low |
| Deviations from intended interventions | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low |
| Missing data (prerequisite the presence of data for inclusion in the study) | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low |
| Measurement of outcomes (blinding) | Unclear | Unclear | Unclear | Unclear | Unclear | Unclear | Unclear | Unclear | Unclear | Unclear | Unclear |
| Selection of reported results (selective reporting) | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low |
| Domain . | Chen 2018 . | Feizi 2021 . | Guo 2022 . | Joy 2020 . | Leslie 2014 . | Mladenovic 2024 . | Mostanghi 2021 . | Pliska 2016 . | Shannon 2012 . | Stefanovic 2023 . | Valiathan 2010 . |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Confounding (crowding, skeletal pattern, amount of retraction, age, sex, BMI) | Critical | Critical | Moderate | Moderate | Critical | Serious | Critical | Serious | Critical | Critical | Serious |
| Selection of participants into the study | Critical | Critical | Critical | Critical | Critical | Critical | Critical | Critical | Critical | Critical | Critical |
| Classification interventions | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low |
| Deviations from intended interventions | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low |
| Missing data (prerequisite the presence of data for inclusion in the study) | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low |
| Measurement of outcomes (blinding) | Unclear | Unclear | Unclear | Unclear | Unclear | Unclear | Unclear | Unclear | Unclear | Unclear | Unclear |
| Selection of reported results (selective reporting) | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low |
BMI, body mass index.
| Domain . | Chen 2018 . | Feizi 2021 . | Guo 2022 . | Joy 2020 . | Leslie 2014 . | Mladenovic 2024 . | Mostanghi 2021 . | Pliska 2016 . | Shannon 2012 . | Stefanovic 2023 . | Valiathan 2010 . |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Confounding (crowding, skeletal pattern, amount of retraction, age, sex, BMI) | Critical | Critical | Moderate | Moderate | Critical | Serious | Critical | Serious | Critical | Critical | Serious |
| Selection of participants into the study | Critical | Critical | Critical | Critical | Critical | Critical | Critical | Critical | Critical | Critical | Critical |
| Classification interventions | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low |
| Deviations from intended interventions | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low |
| Missing data (prerequisite the presence of data for inclusion in the study) | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low |
| Measurement of outcomes (blinding) | Unclear | Unclear | Unclear | Unclear | Unclear | Unclear | Unclear | Unclear | Unclear | Unclear | Unclear |
| Selection of reported results (selective reporting) | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low |
| Domain . | Chen 2018 . | Feizi 2021 . | Guo 2022 . | Joy 2020 . | Leslie 2014 . | Mladenovic 2024 . | Mostanghi 2021 . | Pliska 2016 . | Shannon 2012 . | Stefanovic 2023 . | Valiathan 2010 . |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Confounding (crowding, skeletal pattern, amount of retraction, age, sex, BMI) | Critical | Critical | Moderate | Moderate | Critical | Serious | Critical | Serious | Critical | Critical | Serious |
| Selection of participants into the study | Critical | Critical | Critical | Critical | Critical | Critical | Critical | Critical | Critical | Critical | Critical |
| Classification interventions | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low |
| Deviations from intended interventions | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low |
| Missing data (prerequisite the presence of data for inclusion in the study) | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low |
| Measurement of outcomes (blinding) | Unclear | Unclear | Unclear | Unclear | Unclear | Unclear | Unclear | Unclear | Unclear | Unclear | Unclear |
| Selection of reported results (selective reporting) | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low |
BMI, body mass index.
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