Table 4.

Studies implicating growth hormone in prostate cancer

MaterialMethodStudy summaryReference
primary tissues, cell linesRNA/proteinGHR overexpressed in neoplastic than normal prostate(265)
cells and patient samplesGHR expressionreadily detectable expression, increases proliferation(275)
primary tissues, cell linesGH treatmentacute increase in prostatic androgen receptor(265)
cell linesGH treatmentincreases IGF1 and IGF1R differentially based in androgen-dependent manner(268)
tumor-prone C3(1)-Tag micecrossed with GHRKO miceprogeny have highly reduced tumor incidence, burden, and volume, reduced proliferation, increased apoptosis(269)
tumor-prone C3(1)-Tag miceprostate-specific inducible GHRKO miceprogeny have reduced tumor incidence, burden, reduced proliferation, increased apoptosis(270)
mouse tumor cell lines in nude miceGHR overexpressionincreased xenograft size and weight(270)
PTEN-null CRC cells in nude miceGHRA (pegvisomant) treatment, RNA-seqsuppressed tumor growth, several DEGs(274)
tumor-prone Probasin/Tag ratcrossed with SDRprogeny has markedly reduced tumor incidence(272)
MaterialMethodStudy summaryReference
primary tissues, cell linesRNA/proteinGHR overexpressed in neoplastic than normal prostate(265)
cells and patient samplesGHR expressionreadily detectable expression, increases proliferation(275)
primary tissues, cell linesGH treatmentacute increase in prostatic androgen receptor(265)
cell linesGH treatmentincreases IGF1 and IGF1R differentially based in androgen-dependent manner(268)
tumor-prone C3(1)-Tag micecrossed with GHRKO miceprogeny have highly reduced tumor incidence, burden, and volume, reduced proliferation, increased apoptosis(269)
tumor-prone C3(1)-Tag miceprostate-specific inducible GHRKO miceprogeny have reduced tumor incidence, burden, reduced proliferation, increased apoptosis(270)
mouse tumor cell lines in nude miceGHR overexpressionincreased xenograft size and weight(270)
PTEN-null CRC cells in nude miceGHRA (pegvisomant) treatment, RNA-seqsuppressed tumor growth, several DEGs(274)
tumor-prone Probasin/Tag ratcrossed with SDRprogeny has markedly reduced tumor incidence(272)

Abbreviations: GH, growth hormone; GHR, growth hormone receptor; GHRA, growth hormone receptor antagonist; SDR, Sprague Dawley rats.

Table 4.

Studies implicating growth hormone in prostate cancer

MaterialMethodStudy summaryReference
primary tissues, cell linesRNA/proteinGHR overexpressed in neoplastic than normal prostate(265)
cells and patient samplesGHR expressionreadily detectable expression, increases proliferation(275)
primary tissues, cell linesGH treatmentacute increase in prostatic androgen receptor(265)
cell linesGH treatmentincreases IGF1 and IGF1R differentially based in androgen-dependent manner(268)
tumor-prone C3(1)-Tag micecrossed with GHRKO miceprogeny have highly reduced tumor incidence, burden, and volume, reduced proliferation, increased apoptosis(269)
tumor-prone C3(1)-Tag miceprostate-specific inducible GHRKO miceprogeny have reduced tumor incidence, burden, reduced proliferation, increased apoptosis(270)
mouse tumor cell lines in nude miceGHR overexpressionincreased xenograft size and weight(270)
PTEN-null CRC cells in nude miceGHRA (pegvisomant) treatment, RNA-seqsuppressed tumor growth, several DEGs(274)
tumor-prone Probasin/Tag ratcrossed with SDRprogeny has markedly reduced tumor incidence(272)
MaterialMethodStudy summaryReference
primary tissues, cell linesRNA/proteinGHR overexpressed in neoplastic than normal prostate(265)
cells and patient samplesGHR expressionreadily detectable expression, increases proliferation(275)
primary tissues, cell linesGH treatmentacute increase in prostatic androgen receptor(265)
cell linesGH treatmentincreases IGF1 and IGF1R differentially based in androgen-dependent manner(268)
tumor-prone C3(1)-Tag micecrossed with GHRKO miceprogeny have highly reduced tumor incidence, burden, and volume, reduced proliferation, increased apoptosis(269)
tumor-prone C3(1)-Tag miceprostate-specific inducible GHRKO miceprogeny have reduced tumor incidence, burden, reduced proliferation, increased apoptosis(270)
mouse tumor cell lines in nude miceGHR overexpressionincreased xenograft size and weight(270)
PTEN-null CRC cells in nude miceGHRA (pegvisomant) treatment, RNA-seqsuppressed tumor growth, several DEGs(274)
tumor-prone Probasin/Tag ratcrossed with SDRprogeny has markedly reduced tumor incidence(272)

Abbreviations: GH, growth hormone; GHR, growth hormone receptor; GHRA, growth hormone receptor antagonist; SDR, Sprague Dawley rats.

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