Table 5. Open in new tab Comparing norm...

		Norm.data	This study
SNA	MIT	33	83.0	3.4	39	77.6	5.3	5.22	5.4	3.33	7.47	.000	.000	***
SNA	MITmr	33	83.0	3.4	16	76.7	2.6	7.17	6.3	4.52	8.08	.000	.000	***
SNA	VWK	33	83.0	3.4	13	74.5	3.8	7.10	8.5	6.01	10.99	.000	.000	***
SNB	MIT	33	81.1	3.3	39	79.7	4.9	1.44	1.4	−0.54	3.34	.155	.464
SNB	MITmr	33	81.1	3.3	16	78.8	3.4	2.24	2.3	0.20	4.40	.033	.098
SNB	VWK	33	81.1	3.3	13	76.0	3.8	4.25	5.1	2.59	7.61	.000	.001	**
ANB	MIT	33	1.8	2.1	39	−2.1	4.2	5.09	3.9	2.37	5.43	.000	.000	***
ANB	MITmr	33	1.8	2.1	16	−2.1	3.1	4.55	3.9	2.12	5.68	.000	.000	***
ANB	VWK	33	1.8	2.1	13	−1.5	3.4	3.26	3.3	1.15	5.45	.005	.015	*
NSL/NL	MIT	33	6.3	2.6	39	8.2	3.7	−2.55	−1.9	−3.39	−0.41	.013	.039	*
NSL/NL	MITmr	33	6.3	2.6	16	9.8	3.0	−4.00	−3.5	−5.30	−1.70	.000	.001	**
NSL/NL	VWK	33	6.3	2.6	13	4.2	3.5	1.96	2.1	−0.16	4.36	.066	.198
NSL/ML	MIT	33	28.5	4.4	39	28.8	6.6	−0.23	−0.3	−2.91	2.31	.819	1.000
NSL/ML	MITmr	33	28.5	4.4	16	30.3	5.0	−1.23	−1.8	−4.81	1.21	.230	.691
NSL/ML	VWK	33	28.5	4.4	13	35.5	5.0	−4.42	−7.0	−10.31	−3.69	.000	.001	***
NL/ML	MIT	33	21.7	5.0	39	20.7	5.4	0.82	1.0	−1.45	3.45	.418	1.000
NL/ML	MITmr	33	21.7	5.0	16	20.4	5.0	0.85	1.3	−1.81	4.41	.400	1.000
NL/ML	VWK	33	21.7	5.0	13	31.1	5.0	−5.74	−9.4	−12.80	−6.00	.000	.000	***
n-ss-pg	MIT	33	179.4	4.5	39	188.3	9.6	−5.16	−8.9	−12.36	−5.44	.000	.000	***
n-ss-pg	MITmr	33	179.4	4.5	16	188.1	8.1	−4.01	−8.7	−13.23	−4.17	.001	.002	**
n-ss-pg	VWK	33	179.4	4.5	13	186.1	8.5	−2.70	−6.7	−12.00	−1.40	.017	.050
N-ANS’/ N-G	MIT	33	44.7	2.8	39	43.2	2.0	2.59	1.5	0.34	2.66	.012	.037	*
N-ANS’/ N-G	MITmr	33	44.7	2.8	16	42.9	2.3	2.39	1.8	0.27	3.33	.022	.067
N-ANS’/ N-G	VWK	33	44.7	2.8	13	39.7	2.6	5.74	5.0	3.20	6.80	.000	.000	***
ILI/ILS	MIT	33	133.7	8.2	39	138.0	11.9	−1.81	−4.3	−9.05	0.45	.075	.226
ILI/ILS	MITmr	33	133.7	8.2	16	139.9	16.6	−1.41	−6.2	−15.40	3.00	.174	.523
ILI/ILS	VWK	33	133.7	8.2	13	139.3	9.1	−1.93	−5.6	−11.65	0.45	.068	.203
ILS/NL	MIT	33	108.6	6.3	39	113.5	7.0	−3.12	−4.9	−8.03	−1.77	.003	.008	**
ILS/NL	MITmr	33	108.6	6.3	16	114.9	8.7	−2.59	−6.3	−11.34	−1.26	.017	.050	*
ILS/NL	VWK	33	108.6	6.3	13	103.5	8.6	1.94	5.1	−0.43	10.63	.068	.205

Norm.data

This study

Variable

Technique

Mean

T-value

Estimate

CI 95% lower

CI 95% upper

P-value

Adjusted P-value

Signif

SNA

MIT

83.0

3.4

77.6

5.3

5.22

5.4

3.33

7.47

.000

***

SNA

MITmr

83.0

3.4

76.7

2.6

7.17

6.3

4.52

8.08

.000

***

SNA

VWK

83.0

3.4

74.5

3.8

7.10

8.5

6.01

10.99

.000

***

SNB

MIT

81.1

3.3

79.7

4.9

1.44

1.4

−0.54

3.34

.155

.464

SNB

MITmr

81.1

3.3

78.8

3.4

2.24

2.3

0.20

4.40

.033

.098

SNB

VWK

81.1

3.3

76.0

3.8

4.25

5.1

2.59

7.61

.000

.001

ANB

MIT

1.8

2.1

−2.1

4.2

5.09

3.9

2.37

5.43

.000

***

ANB

MITmr

1.8

2.1

−2.1

3.1

4.55

3.9

2.12

5.68

.000

***

ANB

VWK

1.8

2.1

−1.5

3.4

3.26

3.3

1.15

5.45

.005

.015

NSL/NL

MIT

6.3

2.6

8.2

3.7

−2.55

−1.9

−3.39

−0.41

.013

.039

NSL/NL

MITmr

6.3

2.6

9.8

3.0

−4.00

−3.5

−5.30

−1.70

.000

.001

NSL/NL

VWK

6.3

2.6

4.2

3.5

1.96

2.1

−0.16

4.36

.066

.198

NSL/ML

MIT

28.5

4.4

28.8

6.6

−0.23

−0.3

−2.91

2.31

.819

1.000

NSL/ML

MITmr

28.5

4.4

30.3

5.0

−1.23

−1.8

−4.81

1.21

.230

.691

NSL/ML

VWK

28.5

4.4

35.5

5.0

−4.42

−7.0

−10.31

−3.69

.000

.001

***

NL/ML

MIT

21.7

5.0

20.7

5.4

0.82

1.0

−1.45

3.45

.418

1.000

NL/ML

MITmr

21.7

5.0

20.4

5.0

0.85

1.3

−1.81

4.41

.400

1.000

NL/ML

VWK

21.7

5.0

31.1

5.0

−5.74

−9.4

−12.80

−6.00

.000

***

n-ss-pg

MIT

179.4

4.5

188.3

9.6

−5.16

−8.9

−12.36

−5.44

.000

***

n-ss-pg

MITmr

179.4

4.5

188.1

8.1

−4.01

−8.7

−13.23

−4.17

.001

.002

n-ss-pg

VWK

179.4

4.5

186.1

8.5

−2.70

−6.7

−12.00

−1.40

.017

.050

N-ANS’/ N-G

MIT

44.7

2.8

43.2

2.0

2.59

1.5

0.34

2.66

.012

.037

N-ANS’/ N-G

MITmr

44.7

2.8

42.9

2.3

2.39

1.8

0.27

3.33

.022

.067

N-ANS’/ N-G

VWK

44.7

2.8

39.7

2.6

5.74

5.0

3.20

6.80

.000

***

ILI/ILS

MIT

133.7

8.2

138.0

11.9

−1.81

−4.3

−9.05

0.45

.075

.226

ILI/ILS

MITmr

133.7

8.2

139.9

16.6

−1.41

−6.2

−15.40

3.00

.174

.523

ILI/ILS

VWK

133.7

8.2

139.3

9.1

−1.93

−5.6

−11.65

0.45

.068

.203

ILS/NL

MIT

108.6

6.3

113.5

7.0

−3.12

−4.9

−8.03

−1.77

.003

.008

ILS/NL

MITmr

108.6

6.3

114.9

8.7

−2.59

−6.3

−11.34

−1.26

.017

.050

ILS/NL

VWK

108.6

6.3

103.5

8.6

1.94

5.1

−0.43

10.63

.068

.205

		Norm.data	This study
SNA	MIT	33	83.0	3.4	39	77.6	5.3	5.22	5.4	3.33	7.47	.000	.000	***
SNA	MITmr	33	83.0	3.4	16	76.7	2.6	7.17	6.3	4.52	8.08	.000	.000	***
SNA	VWK	33	83.0	3.4	13	74.5	3.8	7.10	8.5	6.01	10.99	.000	.000	***
SNB	MIT	33	81.1	3.3	39	79.7	4.9	1.44	1.4	−0.54	3.34	.155	.464
SNB	MITmr	33	81.1	3.3	16	78.8	3.4	2.24	2.3	0.20	4.40	.033	.098
SNB	VWK	33	81.1	3.3	13	76.0	3.8	4.25	5.1	2.59	7.61	.000	.001	**
ANB	MIT	33	1.8	2.1	39	−2.1	4.2	5.09	3.9	2.37	5.43	.000	.000	***
ANB	MITmr	33	1.8	2.1	16	−2.1	3.1	4.55	3.9	2.12	5.68	.000	.000	***
ANB	VWK	33	1.8	2.1	13	−1.5	3.4	3.26	3.3	1.15	5.45	.005	.015	*
NSL/NL	MIT	33	6.3	2.6	39	8.2	3.7	−2.55	−1.9	−3.39	−0.41	.013	.039	*
NSL/NL	MITmr	33	6.3	2.6	16	9.8	3.0	−4.00	−3.5	−5.30	−1.70	.000	.001	**
NSL/NL	VWK	33	6.3	2.6	13	4.2	3.5	1.96	2.1	−0.16	4.36	.066	.198
NSL/ML	MIT	33	28.5	4.4	39	28.8	6.6	−0.23	−0.3	−2.91	2.31	.819	1.000
NSL/ML	MITmr	33	28.5	4.4	16	30.3	5.0	−1.23	−1.8	−4.81	1.21	.230	.691
NSL/ML	VWK	33	28.5	4.4	13	35.5	5.0	−4.42	−7.0	−10.31	−3.69	.000	.001	***
NL/ML	MIT	33	21.7	5.0	39	20.7	5.4	0.82	1.0	−1.45	3.45	.418	1.000
NL/ML	MITmr	33	21.7	5.0	16	20.4	5.0	0.85	1.3	−1.81	4.41	.400	1.000
NL/ML	VWK	33	21.7	5.0	13	31.1	5.0	−5.74	−9.4	−12.80	−6.00	.000	.000	***
n-ss-pg	MIT	33	179.4	4.5	39	188.3	9.6	−5.16	−8.9	−12.36	−5.44	.000	.000	***
n-ss-pg	MITmr	33	179.4	4.5	16	188.1	8.1	−4.01	−8.7	−13.23	−4.17	.001	.002	**
n-ss-pg	VWK	33	179.4	4.5	13	186.1	8.5	−2.70	−6.7	−12.00	−1.40	.017	.050
N-ANS’/ N-G	MIT	33	44.7	2.8	39	43.2	2.0	2.59	1.5	0.34	2.66	.012	.037	*
N-ANS’/ N-G	MITmr	33	44.7	2.8	16	42.9	2.3	2.39	1.8	0.27	3.33	.022	.067
N-ANS’/ N-G	VWK	33	44.7	2.8	13	39.7	2.6	5.74	5.0	3.20	6.80	.000	.000	***
ILI/ILS	MIT	33	133.7	8.2	39	138.0	11.9	−1.81	−4.3	−9.05	0.45	.075	.226
ILI/ILS	MITmr	33	133.7	8.2	16	139.9	16.6	−1.41	−6.2	−15.40	3.00	.174	.523
ILI/ILS	VWK	33	133.7	8.2	13	139.3	9.1	−1.93	−5.6	−11.65	0.45	.068	.203
ILS/NL	MIT	33	108.6	6.3	39	113.5	7.0	−3.12	−4.9	−8.03	−1.77	.003	.008	**
ILS/NL	MITmr	33	108.6	6.3	16	114.9	8.7	−2.59	−6.3	−11.34	−1.26	.017	.050	*
ILS/NL	VWK	33	108.6	6.3	13	103.5	8.6	1.94	5.1	−0.43	10.63	.068	.205

Table 5.

Open in new tab

Comparing norm values to each of the three surgical techniques. All tests are independent t-test based on the given n, mean and standard deviation. Adjusted P-values are Bonferroni adjusted P-values for m = 3 tests within each outcome variable.

Variable	Technique	n	Mean	SD	n	Mean	SD	T-value	Estimate	CI 95% lower	CI 95% upper	P-value	Adjusted P-value	Signif
		Norm.data			This study
SNA	MIT	33	83.0	3.4	39	77.6	5.3	5.22	5.4	3.33	7.47	.000	.000	***
SNA	MITmr	33	83.0	3.4	16	76.7	2.6	7.17	6.3	4.52	8.08	.000	.000	***
SNA	VWK	33	83.0	3.4	13	74.5	3.8	7.10	8.5	6.01	10.99	.000	.000	***
SNB	MIT	33	81.1	3.3	39	79.7	4.9	1.44	1.4	−0.54	3.34	.155	.464
SNB	MITmr	33	81.1	3.3	16	78.8	3.4	2.24	2.3	0.20	4.40	.033	.098
SNB	VWK	33	81.1	3.3	13	76.0	3.8	4.25	5.1	2.59	7.61	.000	.001	**
ANB	MIT	33	1.8	2.1	39	−2.1	4.2	5.09	3.9	2.37	5.43	.000	.000	***
ANB	MITmr	33	1.8	2.1	16	−2.1	3.1	4.55	3.9	2.12	5.68	.000	.000	***
ANB	VWK	33	1.8	2.1	13	−1.5	3.4	3.26	3.3	1.15	5.45	.005	.015	*
NSL/NL	MIT	33	6.3	2.6	39	8.2	3.7	−2.55	−1.9	−3.39	−0.41	.013	.039	*
NSL/NL	MITmr	33	6.3	2.6	16	9.8	3.0	−4.00	−3.5	−5.30	−1.70	.000	.001	**
NSL/NL	VWK	33	6.3	2.6	13	4.2	3.5	1.96	2.1	−0.16	4.36	.066	.198
NSL/ML	MIT	33	28.5	4.4	39	28.8	6.6	−0.23	−0.3	−2.91	2.31	.819	1.000
NSL/ML	MITmr	33	28.5	4.4	16	30.3	5.0	−1.23	−1.8	−4.81	1.21	.230	.691
NSL/ML	VWK	33	28.5	4.4	13	35.5	5.0	−4.42	−7.0	−10.31	−3.69	.000	.001	***
NL/ML	MIT	33	21.7	5.0	39	20.7	5.4	0.82	1.0	−1.45	3.45	.418	1.000
NL/ML	MITmr	33	21.7	5.0	16	20.4	5.0	0.85	1.3	−1.81	4.41	.400	1.000
NL/ML	VWK	33	21.7	5.0	13	31.1	5.0	−5.74	−9.4	−12.80	−6.00	.000	.000	***
n-ss-pg	MIT	33	179.4	4.5	39	188.3	9.6	−5.16	−8.9	−12.36	−5.44	.000	.000	***
n-ss-pg	MITmr	33	179.4	4.5	16	188.1	8.1	−4.01	−8.7	−13.23	−4.17	.001	.002	**
n-ss-pg	VWK	33	179.4	4.5	13	186.1	8.5	−2.70	−6.7	−12.00	−1.40	.017	.050
N-ANS’/ N-G	MIT	33	44.7	2.8	39	43.2	2.0	2.59	1.5	0.34	2.66	.012	.037	*
N-ANS’/ N-G	MITmr	33	44.7	2.8	16	42.9	2.3	2.39	1.8	0.27	3.33	.022	.067
N-ANS’/ N-G	VWK	33	44.7	2.8	13	39.7	2.6	5.74	5.0	3.20	6.80	.000	.000	***
ILI/ILS	MIT	33	133.7	8.2	39	138.0	11.9	−1.81	−4.3	−9.05	0.45	.075	.226
ILI/ILS	MITmr	33	133.7	8.2	16	139.9	16.6	−1.41	−6.2	−15.40	3.00	.174	.523
ILI/ILS	VWK	33	133.7	8.2	13	139.3	9.1	−1.93	−5.6	−11.65	0.45	.068	.203
ILS/NL	MIT	33	108.6	6.3	39	113.5	7.0	−3.12	−4.9	−8.03	−1.77	.003	.008	**
ILS/NL	MITmr	33	108.6	6.3	16	114.9	8.7	−2.59	−6.3	−11.34	−1.26	.017	.050	*
ILS/NL	VWK	33	108.6	6.3	13	103.5	8.6	1.94	5.1	−0.43	10.63	.068	.205

Variable	Technique	n	Mean	SD	n	Mean	SD	T-value	Estimate	CI 95% lower	CI 95% upper	P-value	Adjusted P-value	Signif
		Norm.data			This study
SNA	MIT	33	83.0	3.4	39	77.6	5.3	5.22	5.4	3.33	7.47	.000	.000	***
SNA	MITmr	33	83.0	3.4	16	76.7	2.6	7.17	6.3	4.52	8.08	.000	.000	***
SNA	VWK	33	83.0	3.4	13	74.5	3.8	7.10	8.5	6.01	10.99	.000	.000	***
SNB	MIT	33	81.1	3.3	39	79.7	4.9	1.44	1.4	−0.54	3.34	.155	.464
SNB	MITmr	33	81.1	3.3	16	78.8	3.4	2.24	2.3	0.20	4.40	.033	.098
SNB	VWK	33	81.1	3.3	13	76.0	3.8	4.25	5.1	2.59	7.61	.000	.001	**
ANB	MIT	33	1.8	2.1	39	−2.1	4.2	5.09	3.9	2.37	5.43	.000	.000	***
ANB	MITmr	33	1.8	2.1	16	−2.1	3.1	4.55	3.9	2.12	5.68	.000	.000	***
ANB	VWK	33	1.8	2.1	13	−1.5	3.4	3.26	3.3	1.15	5.45	.005	.015	*
NSL/NL	MIT	33	6.3	2.6	39	8.2	3.7	−2.55	−1.9	−3.39	−0.41	.013	.039	*
NSL/NL	MITmr	33	6.3	2.6	16	9.8	3.0	−4.00	−3.5	−5.30	−1.70	.000	.001	**
NSL/NL	VWK	33	6.3	2.6	13	4.2	3.5	1.96	2.1	−0.16	4.36	.066	.198
NSL/ML	MIT	33	28.5	4.4	39	28.8	6.6	−0.23	−0.3	−2.91	2.31	.819	1.000
NSL/ML	MITmr	33	28.5	4.4	16	30.3	5.0	−1.23	−1.8	−4.81	1.21	.230	.691
NSL/ML	VWK	33	28.5	4.4	13	35.5	5.0	−4.42	−7.0	−10.31	−3.69	.000	.001	***
NL/ML	MIT	33	21.7	5.0	39	20.7	5.4	0.82	1.0	−1.45	3.45	.418	1.000
NL/ML	MITmr	33	21.7	5.0	16	20.4	5.0	0.85	1.3	−1.81	4.41	.400	1.000
NL/ML	VWK	33	21.7	5.0	13	31.1	5.0	−5.74	−9.4	−12.80	−6.00	.000	.000	***
n-ss-pg	MIT	33	179.4	4.5	39	188.3	9.6	−5.16	−8.9	−12.36	−5.44	.000	.000	***
n-ss-pg	MITmr	33	179.4	4.5	16	188.1	8.1	−4.01	−8.7	−13.23	−4.17	.001	.002	**
n-ss-pg	VWK	33	179.4	4.5	13	186.1	8.5	−2.70	−6.7	−12.00	−1.40	.017	.050
N-ANS’/ N-G	MIT	33	44.7	2.8	39	43.2	2.0	2.59	1.5	0.34	2.66	.012	.037	*
N-ANS’/ N-G	MITmr	33	44.7	2.8	16	42.9	2.3	2.39	1.8	0.27	3.33	.022	.067
N-ANS’/ N-G	VWK	33	44.7	2.8	13	39.7	2.6	5.74	5.0	3.20	6.80	.000	.000	***
ILI/ILS	MIT	33	133.7	8.2	39	138.0	11.9	−1.81	−4.3	−9.05	0.45	.075	.226
ILI/ILS	MITmr	33	133.7	8.2	16	139.9	16.6	−1.41	−6.2	−15.40	3.00	.174	.523
ILI/ILS	VWK	33	133.7	8.2	13	139.3	9.1	−1.93	−5.6	−11.65	0.45	.068	.203
ILS/NL	MIT	33	108.6	6.3	39	113.5	7.0	−3.12	−4.9	−8.03	−1.77	.003	.008	**
ILS/NL	MITmr	33	108.6	6.3	16	114.9	8.7	−2.59	−6.3	−11.34	−1.26	.017	.050	*
ILS/NL	VWK	33	108.6	6.3	13	103.5	8.6	1.94	5.1	−0.43	10.63	.068	.205

^*P-value < 0.05; **P-value < 0.01; ***P-value < 0.001.

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