| Section/topic . | # . | Checklist item . | Reported on page # . |
|---|---|---|---|
| Title | |||
| Title | 1 | Identifies the report as a systematic review, meta-analysis, or both | 1 |
| Abstract | |||
| Structured summary | 2 | Provides a structured summary including, as applicable: background, objectives, data sources, study eligibility criteria, methods, results, limitations, conclusions, and implications of key findings | 1 |
| Introduction | |||
| Rationale | 3 | Describes the rationale for the review in the context of existing knowledge | 2 |
| Objectives | 4 | Provide an explicit statement of questions and objectives being addressed with reference to outcomes and study design | 2–3 |
| Methods | |||
| Protocol and registration | 5 | Indicate if a review protocol exists, if and where it can be accessed (e.g. Web address), and, if available, provide registration information including registration number | NA |
| Eligibility criteria | 6 | Specify study characteristics (e.g. the presence of theoretical framework) and report characteristics (e.g. years considered, language, and publication status) used as criteria for eligibility, giving rationale | 3–4; Appendix C– D |
| Information sources | 7 | Describe all information sources (e.g. databases with dates of coverage) in the search and date last searched | 3 |
| Search strategy | 8 | Presents full electronic search strategy for at least one database, including any limits used, such that it could be repeated | 3–4, 22; Appendix B |
| Study selection | 9 | States the process for selecting studies (i.e. screening, eligibility, and included in systematic review) | 3–4–5; Appendix C– D |
| Data collection process | 10 | Describes method of data extraction from reports (e.g. piloted forms, independently, and in duplicate) and any processes for obtaining and confirming data from investigators | 3–4–5; Appendix D |
| Data items | 11 | List and define all variables for which data were sought and any assumptions and simplifications made | 3–4–5, Appendix D |
| Risk of bias in individual studies | 12 | Describes methods used for assessing risk of bias of individual studies | NA |
| Summary measures | 13 | State the principal summary measures (e.g. risk ratio and difference in means) | 6 |
| Synthesis of results | 14 | Describes the methods of handling data and combining results of studies | 5–6 |
| Results | |||
| Study selection | 15 | Describes the results of the search and selection process, from the numbers of records identified in the search to the number of studies included | 6–16 |
| Study characteristics | 16 | Present the characteristics of studies included | NA |
| Discussion | |||
| Discussion | 17 | Provides a general interpretation of the results | 16–21 |
| Implications | 18 | Discuss implications of the results for practice, policy, and future research | 21–22 |
| Other information | |||
| Protocol | 19 | Indicates where the review protocol can be accessed | Appendix B |
| Section/topic . | # . | Checklist item . | Reported on page # . |
|---|---|---|---|
| Title | |||
| Title | 1 | Identifies the report as a systematic review, meta-analysis, or both | 1 |
| Abstract | |||
| Structured summary | 2 | Provides a structured summary including, as applicable: background, objectives, data sources, study eligibility criteria, methods, results, limitations, conclusions, and implications of key findings | 1 |
| Introduction | |||
| Rationale | 3 | Describes the rationale for the review in the context of existing knowledge | 2 |
| Objectives | 4 | Provide an explicit statement of questions and objectives being addressed with reference to outcomes and study design | 2–3 |
| Methods | |||
| Protocol and registration | 5 | Indicate if a review protocol exists, if and where it can be accessed (e.g. Web address), and, if available, provide registration information including registration number | NA |
| Eligibility criteria | 6 | Specify study characteristics (e.g. the presence of theoretical framework) and report characteristics (e.g. years considered, language, and publication status) used as criteria for eligibility, giving rationale | 3–4; Appendix C– D |
| Information sources | 7 | Describe all information sources (e.g. databases with dates of coverage) in the search and date last searched | 3 |
| Search strategy | 8 | Presents full electronic search strategy for at least one database, including any limits used, such that it could be repeated | 3–4, 22; Appendix B |
| Study selection | 9 | States the process for selecting studies (i.e. screening, eligibility, and included in systematic review) | 3–4–5; Appendix C– D |
| Data collection process | 10 | Describes method of data extraction from reports (e.g. piloted forms, independently, and in duplicate) and any processes for obtaining and confirming data from investigators | 3–4–5; Appendix D |
| Data items | 11 | List and define all variables for which data were sought and any assumptions and simplifications made | 3–4–5, Appendix D |
| Risk of bias in individual studies | 12 | Describes methods used for assessing risk of bias of individual studies | NA |
| Summary measures | 13 | State the principal summary measures (e.g. risk ratio and difference in means) | 6 |
| Synthesis of results | 14 | Describes the methods of handling data and combining results of studies | 5–6 |
| Results | |||
| Study selection | 15 | Describes the results of the search and selection process, from the numbers of records identified in the search to the number of studies included | 6–16 |
| Study characteristics | 16 | Present the characteristics of studies included | NA |
| Discussion | |||
| Discussion | 17 | Provides a general interpretation of the results | 16–21 |
| Implications | 18 | Discuss implications of the results for practice, policy, and future research | 21–22 |
| Other information | |||
| Protocol | 19 | Indicates where the review protocol can be accessed | Appendix B |
| Section/topic . | # . | Checklist item . | Reported on page # . |
|---|---|---|---|
| Title | |||
| Title | 1 | Identifies the report as a systematic review, meta-analysis, or both | 1 |
| Abstract | |||
| Structured summary | 2 | Provides a structured summary including, as applicable: background, objectives, data sources, study eligibility criteria, methods, results, limitations, conclusions, and implications of key findings | 1 |
| Introduction | |||
| Rationale | 3 | Describes the rationale for the review in the context of existing knowledge | 2 |
| Objectives | 4 | Provide an explicit statement of questions and objectives being addressed with reference to outcomes and study design | 2–3 |
| Methods | |||
| Protocol and registration | 5 | Indicate if a review protocol exists, if and where it can be accessed (e.g. Web address), and, if available, provide registration information including registration number | NA |
| Eligibility criteria | 6 | Specify study characteristics (e.g. the presence of theoretical framework) and report characteristics (e.g. years considered, language, and publication status) used as criteria for eligibility, giving rationale | 3–4; Appendix C– D |
| Information sources | 7 | Describe all information sources (e.g. databases with dates of coverage) in the search and date last searched | 3 |
| Search strategy | 8 | Presents full electronic search strategy for at least one database, including any limits used, such that it could be repeated | 3–4, 22; Appendix B |
| Study selection | 9 | States the process for selecting studies (i.e. screening, eligibility, and included in systematic review) | 3–4–5; Appendix C– D |
| Data collection process | 10 | Describes method of data extraction from reports (e.g. piloted forms, independently, and in duplicate) and any processes for obtaining and confirming data from investigators | 3–4–5; Appendix D |
| Data items | 11 | List and define all variables for which data were sought and any assumptions and simplifications made | 3–4–5, Appendix D |
| Risk of bias in individual studies | 12 | Describes methods used for assessing risk of bias of individual studies | NA |
| Summary measures | 13 | State the principal summary measures (e.g. risk ratio and difference in means) | 6 |
| Synthesis of results | 14 | Describes the methods of handling data and combining results of studies | 5–6 |
| Results | |||
| Study selection | 15 | Describes the results of the search and selection process, from the numbers of records identified in the search to the number of studies included | 6–16 |
| Study characteristics | 16 | Present the characteristics of studies included | NA |
| Discussion | |||
| Discussion | 17 | Provides a general interpretation of the results | 16–21 |
| Implications | 18 | Discuss implications of the results for practice, policy, and future research | 21–22 |
| Other information | |||
| Protocol | 19 | Indicates where the review protocol can be accessed | Appendix B |
| Section/topic . | # . | Checklist item . | Reported on page # . |
|---|---|---|---|
| Title | |||
| Title | 1 | Identifies the report as a systematic review, meta-analysis, or both | 1 |
| Abstract | |||
| Structured summary | 2 | Provides a structured summary including, as applicable: background, objectives, data sources, study eligibility criteria, methods, results, limitations, conclusions, and implications of key findings | 1 |
| Introduction | |||
| Rationale | 3 | Describes the rationale for the review in the context of existing knowledge | 2 |
| Objectives | 4 | Provide an explicit statement of questions and objectives being addressed with reference to outcomes and study design | 2–3 |
| Methods | |||
| Protocol and registration | 5 | Indicate if a review protocol exists, if and where it can be accessed (e.g. Web address), and, if available, provide registration information including registration number | NA |
| Eligibility criteria | 6 | Specify study characteristics (e.g. the presence of theoretical framework) and report characteristics (e.g. years considered, language, and publication status) used as criteria for eligibility, giving rationale | 3–4; Appendix C– D |
| Information sources | 7 | Describe all information sources (e.g. databases with dates of coverage) in the search and date last searched | 3 |
| Search strategy | 8 | Presents full electronic search strategy for at least one database, including any limits used, such that it could be repeated | 3–4, 22; Appendix B |
| Study selection | 9 | States the process for selecting studies (i.e. screening, eligibility, and included in systematic review) | 3–4–5; Appendix C– D |
| Data collection process | 10 | Describes method of data extraction from reports (e.g. piloted forms, independently, and in duplicate) and any processes for obtaining and confirming data from investigators | 3–4–5; Appendix D |
| Data items | 11 | List and define all variables for which data were sought and any assumptions and simplifications made | 3–4–5, Appendix D |
| Risk of bias in individual studies | 12 | Describes methods used for assessing risk of bias of individual studies | NA |
| Summary measures | 13 | State the principal summary measures (e.g. risk ratio and difference in means) | 6 |
| Synthesis of results | 14 | Describes the methods of handling data and combining results of studies | 5–6 |
| Results | |||
| Study selection | 15 | Describes the results of the search and selection process, from the numbers of records identified in the search to the number of studies included | 6–16 |
| Study characteristics | 16 | Present the characteristics of studies included | NA |
| Discussion | |||
| Discussion | 17 | Provides a general interpretation of the results | 16–21 |
| Implications | 18 | Discuss implications of the results for practice, policy, and future research | 21–22 |
| Other information | |||
| Protocol | 19 | Indicates where the review protocol can be accessed | Appendix B |
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