| Variable . | No (%) or mean ± SD (range) . | Median (IQR) . |
|---|---|---|
| Sex, male | 143 (85.6) | |
| Age (years) | 54.3 ± 12.3 (19–83.7) | 55 (46.9–62.4) |
| ˂65 | 134 (80.2) | |
| ≥65 | 33 (19.8) | |
| Body surface area (m2) | 2.06 ± 0.2 (1.5–2.6) | 2.05 (1.9–2.2) |
| Body mass index | 28.0 ± 4.4 (18.7–42.6) | 27.8 (25.3–30.5) |
| Valve phenotype | ||
| Tricuspid aortic valve | 72 (43.1) | |
| Bicuspid aortic valve | 91 (54.5) | |
| Asymmetricala | 83 (49.7) | |
| Symmetrical | 8 (4.8) | |
| Unicuspid aortic valve | 3 (1.8) | |
| Quadricuspid aortic valve | 1 (0.6) | |
| Aortic insufficiency | ||
| No insufficiency/trivialb | 1 (0.6) | |
| Mildc | 20 (12.0) | |
| Moderate insufficiency | 44 (26.3) | |
| Severe insufficiency | 102 (61.1) | |
| Cusp pathology TAV (n = 72)c,d | ||
| Restriction | 55 (76.4) | |
| Prolapse/pseudo-prolapse | 51 (70.8) | |
| Commissural cusp defect | 35 (48.6) | |
| Cusp body defecte | 9 (12.5) | |
| Mixed aortic valve defect | 1 (1.4) | |
| Cusp pathology non-TAV (n = 95)c,d | ||
| Restriction | 85 (89.5) | |
| Prolapse/pseudo-prolapse | 83 (87.4) | |
| Commissural cusp defect | 28 (29.5) | |
| Cusp body defecte | 9 (9.5) | |
| Mixed aortic valve defect | 6 (6.3) | |
| NYHA functional class III/IV | 31 (18.6) | |
| LVEF (%) | ||
| >55 | 134 (80.2) | |
| 35–55 | 31 (18.6) | |
| <35 | 2 (1.2) | |
| Creatinine (mg/dl) | 1.01 ± 0.22 (0.6–2.27) | 0.98 (0.88–1.10) |
| Concomitant disease | ||
| Hypertension | 128 (76.6) | |
| CHD | 30 (18.0) | |
| No sinus rhythm | 14 (8.4) | |
| Diabetes | 10 (6.0) | |
| COPD | 8 (4.8) | |
| Previous neurological event | 11 (6.6) | |
| With residuals | 3 (1.8) | |
| No residuals | 8 (4.8) | |
| Marfanoid habitus | 4 (2.4) | |
| Pervious cardiac surgery | 4 (2.4) |
| Variable . | No (%) or mean ± SD (range) . | Median (IQR) . |
|---|---|---|
| Sex, male | 143 (85.6) | |
| Age (years) | 54.3 ± 12.3 (19–83.7) | 55 (46.9–62.4) |
| ˂65 | 134 (80.2) | |
| ≥65 | 33 (19.8) | |
| Body surface area (m2) | 2.06 ± 0.2 (1.5–2.6) | 2.05 (1.9–2.2) |
| Body mass index | 28.0 ± 4.4 (18.7–42.6) | 27.8 (25.3–30.5) |
| Valve phenotype | ||
| Tricuspid aortic valve | 72 (43.1) | |
| Bicuspid aortic valve | 91 (54.5) | |
| Asymmetricala | 83 (49.7) | |
| Symmetrical | 8 (4.8) | |
| Unicuspid aortic valve | 3 (1.8) | |
| Quadricuspid aortic valve | 1 (0.6) | |
| Aortic insufficiency | ||
| No insufficiency/trivialb | 1 (0.6) | |
| Mildc | 20 (12.0) | |
| Moderate insufficiency | 44 (26.3) | |
| Severe insufficiency | 102 (61.1) | |
| Cusp pathology TAV (n = 72)c,d | ||
| Restriction | 55 (76.4) | |
| Prolapse/pseudo-prolapse | 51 (70.8) | |
| Commissural cusp defect | 35 (48.6) | |
| Cusp body defecte | 9 (12.5) | |
| Mixed aortic valve defect | 1 (1.4) | |
| Cusp pathology non-TAV (n = 95)c,d | ||
| Restriction | 85 (89.5) | |
| Prolapse/pseudo-prolapse | 83 (87.4) | |
| Commissural cusp defect | 28 (29.5) | |
| Cusp body defecte | 9 (9.5) | |
| Mixed aortic valve defect | 6 (6.3) | |
| NYHA functional class III/IV | 31 (18.6) | |
| LVEF (%) | ||
| >55 | 134 (80.2) | |
| 35–55 | 31 (18.6) | |
| <35 | 2 (1.2) | |
| Creatinine (mg/dl) | 1.01 ± 0.22 (0.6–2.27) | 0.98 (0.88–1.10) |
| Concomitant disease | ||
| Hypertension | 128 (76.6) | |
| CHD | 30 (18.0) | |
| No sinus rhythm | 14 (8.4) | |
| Diabetes | 10 (6.0) | |
| COPD | 8 (4.8) | |
| Previous neurological event | 11 (6.6) | |
| With residuals | 3 (1.8) | |
| No residuals | 8 (4.8) | |
| Marfanoid habitus | 4 (2.4) | |
| Pervious cardiac surgery | 4 (2.4) |
In 38 patients with asymmetrical commissural orientation, a symmetrical one was achieved by modified remodelling presented in detail in reference [11].
Iatrogenic cusp defect after fibroelastoma excision that was repaired with patch.
Mild insufficiency was present in patients with mixed defect and/or aortic aneurysm necessitating surgery.
Two or more pathologies are possible.
Also including iatrogenic defects after excision of pathological cusps’ parts.
CHD: coronary heart disease; COPD: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; IQR: interquartile range; LVEF: left ventricular ejection fraction; NYHA: New York Heart Association; SD: standard deviation; TAV: tricuspid aortic valve.
| Variable . | No (%) or mean ± SD (range) . | Median (IQR) . |
|---|---|---|
| Sex, male | 143 (85.6) | |
| Age (years) | 54.3 ± 12.3 (19–83.7) | 55 (46.9–62.4) |
| ˂65 | 134 (80.2) | |
| ≥65 | 33 (19.8) | |
| Body surface area (m2) | 2.06 ± 0.2 (1.5–2.6) | 2.05 (1.9–2.2) |
| Body mass index | 28.0 ± 4.4 (18.7–42.6) | 27.8 (25.3–30.5) |
| Valve phenotype | ||
| Tricuspid aortic valve | 72 (43.1) | |
| Bicuspid aortic valve | 91 (54.5) | |
| Asymmetricala | 83 (49.7) | |
| Symmetrical | 8 (4.8) | |
| Unicuspid aortic valve | 3 (1.8) | |
| Quadricuspid aortic valve | 1 (0.6) | |
| Aortic insufficiency | ||
| No insufficiency/trivialb | 1 (0.6) | |
| Mildc | 20 (12.0) | |
| Moderate insufficiency | 44 (26.3) | |
| Severe insufficiency | 102 (61.1) | |
| Cusp pathology TAV (n = 72)c,d | ||
| Restriction | 55 (76.4) | |
| Prolapse/pseudo-prolapse | 51 (70.8) | |
| Commissural cusp defect | 35 (48.6) | |
| Cusp body defecte | 9 (12.5) | |
| Mixed aortic valve defect | 1 (1.4) | |
| Cusp pathology non-TAV (n = 95)c,d | ||
| Restriction | 85 (89.5) | |
| Prolapse/pseudo-prolapse | 83 (87.4) | |
| Commissural cusp defect | 28 (29.5) | |
| Cusp body defecte | 9 (9.5) | |
| Mixed aortic valve defect | 6 (6.3) | |
| NYHA functional class III/IV | 31 (18.6) | |
| LVEF (%) | ||
| >55 | 134 (80.2) | |
| 35–55 | 31 (18.6) | |
| <35 | 2 (1.2) | |
| Creatinine (mg/dl) | 1.01 ± 0.22 (0.6–2.27) | 0.98 (0.88–1.10) |
| Concomitant disease | ||
| Hypertension | 128 (76.6) | |
| CHD | 30 (18.0) | |
| No sinus rhythm | 14 (8.4) | |
| Diabetes | 10 (6.0) | |
| COPD | 8 (4.8) | |
| Previous neurological event | 11 (6.6) | |
| With residuals | 3 (1.8) | |
| No residuals | 8 (4.8) | |
| Marfanoid habitus | 4 (2.4) | |
| Pervious cardiac surgery | 4 (2.4) |
| Variable . | No (%) or mean ± SD (range) . | Median (IQR) . |
|---|---|---|
| Sex, male | 143 (85.6) | |
| Age (years) | 54.3 ± 12.3 (19–83.7) | 55 (46.9–62.4) |
| ˂65 | 134 (80.2) | |
| ≥65 | 33 (19.8) | |
| Body surface area (m2) | 2.06 ± 0.2 (1.5–2.6) | 2.05 (1.9–2.2) |
| Body mass index | 28.0 ± 4.4 (18.7–42.6) | 27.8 (25.3–30.5) |
| Valve phenotype | ||
| Tricuspid aortic valve | 72 (43.1) | |
| Bicuspid aortic valve | 91 (54.5) | |
| Asymmetricala | 83 (49.7) | |
| Symmetrical | 8 (4.8) | |
| Unicuspid aortic valve | 3 (1.8) | |
| Quadricuspid aortic valve | 1 (0.6) | |
| Aortic insufficiency | ||
| No insufficiency/trivialb | 1 (0.6) | |
| Mildc | 20 (12.0) | |
| Moderate insufficiency | 44 (26.3) | |
| Severe insufficiency | 102 (61.1) | |
| Cusp pathology TAV (n = 72)c,d | ||
| Restriction | 55 (76.4) | |
| Prolapse/pseudo-prolapse | 51 (70.8) | |
| Commissural cusp defect | 35 (48.6) | |
| Cusp body defecte | 9 (12.5) | |
| Mixed aortic valve defect | 1 (1.4) | |
| Cusp pathology non-TAV (n = 95)c,d | ||
| Restriction | 85 (89.5) | |
| Prolapse/pseudo-prolapse | 83 (87.4) | |
| Commissural cusp defect | 28 (29.5) | |
| Cusp body defecte | 9 (9.5) | |
| Mixed aortic valve defect | 6 (6.3) | |
| NYHA functional class III/IV | 31 (18.6) | |
| LVEF (%) | ||
| >55 | 134 (80.2) | |
| 35–55 | 31 (18.6) | |
| <35 | 2 (1.2) | |
| Creatinine (mg/dl) | 1.01 ± 0.22 (0.6–2.27) | 0.98 (0.88–1.10) |
| Concomitant disease | ||
| Hypertension | 128 (76.6) | |
| CHD | 30 (18.0) | |
| No sinus rhythm | 14 (8.4) | |
| Diabetes | 10 (6.0) | |
| COPD | 8 (4.8) | |
| Previous neurological event | 11 (6.6) | |
| With residuals | 3 (1.8) | |
| No residuals | 8 (4.8) | |
| Marfanoid habitus | 4 (2.4) | |
| Pervious cardiac surgery | 4 (2.4) |
In 38 patients with asymmetrical commissural orientation, a symmetrical one was achieved by modified remodelling presented in detail in reference [11].
Iatrogenic cusp defect after fibroelastoma excision that was repaired with patch.
Mild insufficiency was present in patients with mixed defect and/or aortic aneurysm necessitating surgery.
Two or more pathologies are possible.
Also including iatrogenic defects after excision of pathological cusps’ parts.
CHD: coronary heart disease; COPD: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; IQR: interquartile range; LVEF: left ventricular ejection fraction; NYHA: New York Heart Association; SD: standard deviation; TAV: tricuspid aortic valve.
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