Table 2
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Negative binomial estimates of conflict events by type of violence.

 Dependent variable
 State-basedNon-stateOne-sided
 Urban centreUrban clusterRuralUrban centreUrban clusterRuralUrban centreUrban clusterRural
 (1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)
Time trend−0.031−0.0160.0370.141*0.127*0.132**−0.0230.0140.095*
(0.054)(0.046)(0.039)(0.057)(0.063)(0.046)(0.057)(0.050)(0.044)
Time trend20.005***0.006***0.005***0.0020.0010.0010.0010.004**0.003*
(0.001)(0.001)(0.001)(0.001)(0.002)(0.001)(0.001)(0.001)(0.001)
Urbanization−0.0020.112***0.031−0.023−0.102*0.088**0.0400.084*0.036
(0.033)(0.030)(0.026)(0.039)(0.048)(0.032)(0.034)(0.035)(0.030)
Urban growth−0.189***−0.054−0.200***0.096−0.0270.107*−0.0590.124**−0.219***
(0.057)(0.047)(0.051)(0.072)(0.074)(0.052)(0.066)(0.041)(0.057)
Pop (log)−0.888−2.904**−2.240***−6.073***−0.344−4.885***2.113−2.797**−2.722***
(1.236)(0.885)(0.635)(1.469)(1.537)(1.027)(1.475)(1.064)(0.774)
Polyarchy−0.745−0.645−1.888**0.7650.0690.113−5.176***−2.936**−3.500***
(0.923)(0.878)(0.716)(1.029)(1.123)(0.861)(1.011)(0.960)(0.818)
GDP (log)−0.265−1.115***−0.897***0.149−0.432−0.125−0.583**−0.319−0.692***
(0.214)(0.211)(0.167)(0.210)(0.244)(0.171)(0.204)(0.222)(0.187)
Observations1,2251,2251,2251,2251,2251,2251,2251,2251,225
Log Likelihood−2,564.766−2,207.323−3,641.516−913.262−812.766−1,218.246−1,980.113−1,955.873−3,115.629
Akaike Inf. Crit.5,241.5314,526.6477,395.0311,938.5231,737.5312,548.4934,072.2274,023.7466,343.258
 Dependent variable
 State-basedNon-stateOne-sided
 Urban centreUrban clusterRuralUrban centreUrban clusterRuralUrban centreUrban clusterRural
 (1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)
Time trend−0.031−0.0160.0370.141*0.127*0.132**−0.0230.0140.095*
(0.054)(0.046)(0.039)(0.057)(0.063)(0.046)(0.057)(0.050)(0.044)
Time trend20.005***0.006***0.005***0.0020.0010.0010.0010.004**0.003*
(0.001)(0.001)(0.001)(0.001)(0.002)(0.001)(0.001)(0.001)(0.001)
Urbanization−0.0020.112***0.031−0.023−0.102*0.088**0.0400.084*0.036
(0.033)(0.030)(0.026)(0.039)(0.048)(0.032)(0.034)(0.035)(0.030)
Urban growth−0.189***−0.054−0.200***0.096−0.0270.107*−0.0590.124**−0.219***
(0.057)(0.047)(0.051)(0.072)(0.074)(0.052)(0.066)(0.041)(0.057)
Pop (log)−0.888−2.904**−2.240***−6.073***−0.344−4.885***2.113−2.797**−2.722***
(1.236)(0.885)(0.635)(1.469)(1.537)(1.027)(1.475)(1.064)(0.774)
Polyarchy−0.745−0.645−1.888**0.7650.0690.113−5.176***−2.936**−3.500***
(0.923)(0.878)(0.716)(1.029)(1.123)(0.861)(1.011)(0.960)(0.818)
GDP (log)−0.265−1.115***−0.897***0.149−0.432−0.125−0.583**−0.319−0.692***
(0.214)(0.211)(0.167)(0.210)(0.244)(0.171)(0.204)(0.222)(0.187)
Observations1,2251,2251,2251,2251,2251,2251,2251,2251,225
Log Likelihood−2,564.766−2,207.323−3,641.516−913.262−812.766−1,218.246−1,980.113−1,955.873−3,115.629
Akaike Inf. Crit.5,241.5314,526.6477,395.0311,938.5231,737.5312,548.4934,072.2274,023.7466,343.258

Note:

*

P < 0.05.;

**

P < 0.01.;

***

P < 0.001.

Table 2
Open in new tab

Negative binomial estimates of conflict events by type of violence.

 Dependent variable
 State-basedNon-stateOne-sided
 Urban centreUrban clusterRuralUrban centreUrban clusterRuralUrban centreUrban clusterRural
 (1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)
Time trend−0.031−0.0160.0370.141*0.127*0.132**−0.0230.0140.095*
(0.054)(0.046)(0.039)(0.057)(0.063)(0.046)(0.057)(0.050)(0.044)
Time trend20.005***0.006***0.005***0.0020.0010.0010.0010.004**0.003*
(0.001)(0.001)(0.001)(0.001)(0.002)(0.001)(0.001)(0.001)(0.001)
Urbanization−0.0020.112***0.031−0.023−0.102*0.088**0.0400.084*0.036
(0.033)(0.030)(0.026)(0.039)(0.048)(0.032)(0.034)(0.035)(0.030)
Urban growth−0.189***−0.054−0.200***0.096−0.0270.107*−0.0590.124**−0.219***
(0.057)(0.047)(0.051)(0.072)(0.074)(0.052)(0.066)(0.041)(0.057)
Pop (log)−0.888−2.904**−2.240***−6.073***−0.344−4.885***2.113−2.797**−2.722***
(1.236)(0.885)(0.635)(1.469)(1.537)(1.027)(1.475)(1.064)(0.774)
Polyarchy−0.745−0.645−1.888**0.7650.0690.113−5.176***−2.936**−3.500***
(0.923)(0.878)(0.716)(1.029)(1.123)(0.861)(1.011)(0.960)(0.818)
GDP (log)−0.265−1.115***−0.897***0.149−0.432−0.125−0.583**−0.319−0.692***
(0.214)(0.211)(0.167)(0.210)(0.244)(0.171)(0.204)(0.222)(0.187)
Observations1,2251,2251,2251,2251,2251,2251,2251,2251,225
Log Likelihood−2,564.766−2,207.323−3,641.516−913.262−812.766−1,218.246−1,980.113−1,955.873−3,115.629
Akaike Inf. Crit.5,241.5314,526.6477,395.0311,938.5231,737.5312,548.4934,072.2274,023.7466,343.258
 Dependent variable
 State-basedNon-stateOne-sided
 Urban centreUrban clusterRuralUrban centreUrban clusterRuralUrban centreUrban clusterRural
 (1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)
Time trend−0.031−0.0160.0370.141*0.127*0.132**−0.0230.0140.095*
(0.054)(0.046)(0.039)(0.057)(0.063)(0.046)(0.057)(0.050)(0.044)
Time trend20.005***0.006***0.005***0.0020.0010.0010.0010.004**0.003*
(0.001)(0.001)(0.001)(0.001)(0.002)(0.001)(0.001)(0.001)(0.001)
Urbanization−0.0020.112***0.031−0.023−0.102*0.088**0.0400.084*0.036
(0.033)(0.030)(0.026)(0.039)(0.048)(0.032)(0.034)(0.035)(0.030)
Urban growth−0.189***−0.054−0.200***0.096−0.0270.107*−0.0590.124**−0.219***
(0.057)(0.047)(0.051)(0.072)(0.074)(0.052)(0.066)(0.041)(0.057)
Pop (log)−0.888−2.904**−2.240***−6.073***−0.344−4.885***2.113−2.797**−2.722***
(1.236)(0.885)(0.635)(1.469)(1.537)(1.027)(1.475)(1.064)(0.774)
Polyarchy−0.745−0.645−1.888**0.7650.0690.113−5.176***−2.936**−3.500***
(0.923)(0.878)(0.716)(1.029)(1.123)(0.861)(1.011)(0.960)(0.818)
GDP (log)−0.265−1.115***−0.897***0.149−0.432−0.125−0.583**−0.319−0.692***
(0.214)(0.211)(0.167)(0.210)(0.244)(0.171)(0.204)(0.222)(0.187)
Observations1,2251,2251,2251,2251,2251,2251,2251,2251,225
Log Likelihood−2,564.766−2,207.323−3,641.516−913.262−812.766−1,218.246−1,980.113−1,955.873−3,115.629
Akaike Inf. Crit.5,241.5314,526.6477,395.0311,938.5231,737.5312,548.4934,072.2274,023.7466,343.258

Note:

*

P < 0.05.;

**

P < 0.01.;

***

P < 0.001.

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