Table 4 Open in new tab OLS estimates of... | Oxford Academic

Table 4

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OLS estimates of urban shares by conflict/protest category.

	Dependent variable: Urban share (%)
	State-based	Non-state	One-sided	Riots	Protests
	(1)	(2)	(3)	(4)	(5)
Time trend	−0.010	−0.007	−0.019	0.007	0.001
	(0.011)	(0.015)	(0.013)	(0.006)	(0.005)
Time trend²	0.00001	0.0004	−0.0002	−0.0002	−0.00001
	(0.0003)	(0.0004)	(0.0003)	(0.0002)	(0.0001)
Urbanization	−0.004	−0.025^**	−0.002	0.007	0.006
	(0.006)	(0.009)	(0.008)	(0.004)	(0.003)
Urban growth	−0.014	0.007	−0.004	−0.013	0.003
	(0.008)	(0.015)	(0.011)	(0.009)	(0.006)
Pop (log)	0.139	0.074	0.880^**	−0.224	−0.162
	(0.236)	(0.331)	(0.294)	(0.131)	(0.101)
Polyarchy	0.040	−0.442	−0.028	−0.134	0.001
	(0.185)	(0.261)	(0.230)	(0.103)	(0.080)
GDP (log)	0.086*	0.065	0.019	−0.006	0.023
	(0.039)	(0.050)	(0.049)	(0.030)	(0.023)
Observations	419	276	450	873	991
R²	0.501	0.605	0.417	0.337	0.378
Adjusted R²	0.442	0.551	0.349	0.293	0.341

	Dependent variable: Urban share (%)
	State-based	Non-state	One-sided	Riots	Protests
	(1)	(2)	(3)	(4)	(5)
Time trend	−0.010	−0.007	−0.019	0.007	0.001
	(0.011)	(0.015)	(0.013)	(0.006)	(0.005)
Time trend²	0.00001	0.0004	−0.0002	−0.0002	−0.00001
	(0.0003)	(0.0004)	(0.0003)	(0.0002)	(0.0001)
Urbanization	−0.004	−0.025^**	−0.002	0.007	0.006
	(0.006)	(0.009)	(0.008)	(0.004)	(0.003)
Urban growth	−0.014	0.007	−0.004	−0.013	0.003
	(0.008)	(0.015)	(0.011)	(0.009)	(0.006)
Pop (log)	0.139	0.074	0.880^**	−0.224	−0.162
	(0.236)	(0.331)	(0.294)	(0.131)	(0.101)
Polyarchy	0.040	−0.442	−0.028	−0.134	0.001
	(0.185)	(0.261)	(0.230)	(0.103)	(0.080)
GDP (log)	0.086*	0.065	0.019	−0.006	0.023
	(0.039)	(0.050)	(0.049)	(0.030)	(0.023)
Observations	419	276	450	873	991
R²	0.501	0.605	0.417	0.337	0.378
Adjusted R²	0.442	0.551	0.349	0.293	0.341

Note:

P < 0.05;

P < 0.01;

P < 0.001.

Table 4

Open in new tab

OLS estimates of urban shares by conflict/protest category.

	Dependent variable: Urban share (%)
	State-based	Non-state	One-sided	Riots	Protests
	(1)	(2)	(3)	(4)	(5)
Time trend	−0.010	−0.007	−0.019	0.007	0.001
	(0.011)	(0.015)	(0.013)	(0.006)	(0.005)
Time trend²	0.00001	0.0004	−0.0002	−0.0002	−0.00001
	(0.0003)	(0.0004)	(0.0003)	(0.0002)	(0.0001)
Urbanization	−0.004	−0.025^**	−0.002	0.007	0.006
	(0.006)	(0.009)	(0.008)	(0.004)	(0.003)
Urban growth	−0.014	0.007	−0.004	−0.013	0.003
	(0.008)	(0.015)	(0.011)	(0.009)	(0.006)
Pop (log)	0.139	0.074	0.880^**	−0.224	−0.162
	(0.236)	(0.331)	(0.294)	(0.131)	(0.101)
Polyarchy	0.040	−0.442	−0.028	−0.134	0.001
	(0.185)	(0.261)	(0.230)	(0.103)	(0.080)
GDP (log)	0.086*	0.065	0.019	−0.006	0.023
	(0.039)	(0.050)	(0.049)	(0.030)	(0.023)
Observations	419	276	450	873	991
R²	0.501	0.605	0.417	0.337	0.378
Adjusted R²	0.442	0.551	0.349	0.293	0.341

	Dependent variable: Urban share (%)
	State-based	Non-state	One-sided	Riots	Protests
	(1)	(2)	(3)	(4)	(5)
Time trend	−0.010	−0.007	−0.019	0.007	0.001
	(0.011)	(0.015)	(0.013)	(0.006)	(0.005)
Time trend²	0.00001	0.0004	−0.0002	−0.0002	−0.00001
	(0.0003)	(0.0004)	(0.0003)	(0.0002)	(0.0001)
Urbanization	−0.004	−0.025^**	−0.002	0.007	0.006
	(0.006)	(0.009)	(0.008)	(0.004)	(0.003)
Urban growth	−0.014	0.007	−0.004	−0.013	0.003
	(0.008)	(0.015)	(0.011)	(0.009)	(0.006)
Pop (log)	0.139	0.074	0.880^**	−0.224	−0.162
	(0.236)	(0.331)	(0.294)	(0.131)	(0.101)
Polyarchy	0.040	−0.442	−0.028	−0.134	0.001
	(0.185)	(0.261)	(0.230)	(0.103)	(0.080)
GDP (log)	0.086*	0.065	0.019	−0.006	0.023
	(0.039)	(0.050)	(0.049)	(0.030)	(0.023)
Observations	419	276	450	873	991
R²	0.501	0.605	0.417	0.337	0.378
Adjusted R²	0.442	0.551	0.349	0.293	0.341

Note:

P < 0.05;

P < 0.01;

P < 0.001.