| Characteristics . | Mirtazapine group (n = 30) . | Placebo group (n = 30) . |
|---|---|---|
| Age years, mean (SD) | 73.0 (5.8) | 71.7 (4.1) |
| Age range | 64–85 | 65–80 |
| Female, n (%) | 16 (53.3) | 20 (66.7) |
| Race | ||
| White, n (%) | 27 (90) | 27 (90) |
| Black or African American, n (%) | 2 (6.7) | 3 (10) |
| Asian, n (%) | 1 (3.3) | 0 |
| Exercise | ||
| Never, n (%) | 5 (16.7) | 4 (13.3) |
| Occasional, n (%) | 5 (16.7) | 5 (16.7) |
| Regular, n (%) | 20 (66.7) | 21 (70) |
| N° of comorbidities, mean (SD) | 2.9 (2.5) | 3.9 (2.9) |
| ≥ 3 comorbidities, n (%) | 16 (53.3) | 18 (60) |
| History of depression, n (%) | 3 (10) | 7 (23.3) |
| History of anxiety, n (%) | 7 (23.3) | 7 (23.3) |
| MADRS | ||
| No symptoms of depression, n (%) | 13 (43.3) | 17 (56.7) |
| Mild symptoms of depression, n (%) | 15 (50) | 13 (43.3) |
| Moderate symptoms of depression, n (%) | 2 (6.7) | 0 |
| History of bipolar disease, n (%) | 0 | 1 (3.3) |
| Sleep apnea, n (%) | 4 (13.3) | 5 (16.7) |
| COPD, n (%) | 0 | 1 (3.3) |
| Urinary incontinence, n (%) | 4 (13.3) | 6 (20) |
| Cognitive impairment, n (%) | 0 | 1 (3.3) |
| MMSE, mean (SD) | 29.2 (0.9) | 29.1 (1.0) |
| Use of hypnotics prior to study | 12 (40) | 4 (13.3) |
| N° of concomitant drugs, mean (SD) | 3.4 (2.7) | 4.2 (4.3) |
| Cardiovascular drugs, n (%) | 15 (50) | 11 (36.7) |
| Respiratory drugs, n (%) | 1 (3.3) | 4 (13.3) |
| Gastrointestinal drugs, n (%) | 9 (30) | 7 (23.3) |
| Endocrinologic drugs, n (%) | 5 (16.7) | 7 (23.3) |
| Osteoporosis drugs, n (%) | 5 (16.7) | 7 (23.3) |
| Antidepressant drugs, n (%) | 4 (13.3) | 2 (6.7) |
| Other CNS drugs, n (%) | 2 (6.7) | 3 (10) |
| Antiretroviral drugs, n (%) | 1 (3.3) | 1 (3.3) |
| Analgesic drugs, n (%) | 5 (16.7) | 8 (26.7) |
| Any drugs, n (%) | 23 (76.7) | 20 (66.7) |
| ≥ 5 medications | 4 (13.3) | 7 (23.3) |
| Characteristics . | Mirtazapine group (n = 30) . | Placebo group (n = 30) . |
|---|---|---|
| Age years, mean (SD) | 73.0 (5.8) | 71.7 (4.1) |
| Age range | 64–85 | 65–80 |
| Female, n (%) | 16 (53.3) | 20 (66.7) |
| Race | ||
| White, n (%) | 27 (90) | 27 (90) |
| Black or African American, n (%) | 2 (6.7) | 3 (10) |
| Asian, n (%) | 1 (3.3) | 0 |
| Exercise | ||
| Never, n (%) | 5 (16.7) | 4 (13.3) |
| Occasional, n (%) | 5 (16.7) | 5 (16.7) |
| Regular, n (%) | 20 (66.7) | 21 (70) |
| N° of comorbidities, mean (SD) | 2.9 (2.5) | 3.9 (2.9) |
| ≥ 3 comorbidities, n (%) | 16 (53.3) | 18 (60) |
| History of depression, n (%) | 3 (10) | 7 (23.3) |
| History of anxiety, n (%) | 7 (23.3) | 7 (23.3) |
| MADRS | ||
| No symptoms of depression, n (%) | 13 (43.3) | 17 (56.7) |
| Mild symptoms of depression, n (%) | 15 (50) | 13 (43.3) |
| Moderate symptoms of depression, n (%) | 2 (6.7) | 0 |
| History of bipolar disease, n (%) | 0 | 1 (3.3) |
| Sleep apnea, n (%) | 4 (13.3) | 5 (16.7) |
| COPD, n (%) | 0 | 1 (3.3) |
| Urinary incontinence, n (%) | 4 (13.3) | 6 (20) |
| Cognitive impairment, n (%) | 0 | 1 (3.3) |
| MMSE, mean (SD) | 29.2 (0.9) | 29.1 (1.0) |
| Use of hypnotics prior to study | 12 (40) | 4 (13.3) |
| N° of concomitant drugs, mean (SD) | 3.4 (2.7) | 4.2 (4.3) |
| Cardiovascular drugs, n (%) | 15 (50) | 11 (36.7) |
| Respiratory drugs, n (%) | 1 (3.3) | 4 (13.3) |
| Gastrointestinal drugs, n (%) | 9 (30) | 7 (23.3) |
| Endocrinologic drugs, n (%) | 5 (16.7) | 7 (23.3) |
| Osteoporosis drugs, n (%) | 5 (16.7) | 7 (23.3) |
| Antidepressant drugs, n (%) | 4 (13.3) | 2 (6.7) |
| Other CNS drugs, n (%) | 2 (6.7) | 3 (10) |
| Antiretroviral drugs, n (%) | 1 (3.3) | 1 (3.3) |
| Analgesic drugs, n (%) | 5 (16.7) | 8 (26.7) |
| Any drugs, n (%) | 23 (76.7) | 20 (66.7) |
| ≥ 5 medications | 4 (13.3) | 7 (23.3) |
SD: standard deviation, MADRS: Montgomery–Åsberg depression rating scale, COPD: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, CNS: central nervous system.
| Characteristics . | Mirtazapine group (n = 30) . | Placebo group (n = 30) . |
|---|---|---|
| Age years, mean (SD) | 73.0 (5.8) | 71.7 (4.1) |
| Age range | 64–85 | 65–80 |
| Female, n (%) | 16 (53.3) | 20 (66.7) |
| Race | ||
| White, n (%) | 27 (90) | 27 (90) |
| Black or African American, n (%) | 2 (6.7) | 3 (10) |
| Asian, n (%) | 1 (3.3) | 0 |
| Exercise | ||
| Never, n (%) | 5 (16.7) | 4 (13.3) |
| Occasional, n (%) | 5 (16.7) | 5 (16.7) |
| Regular, n (%) | 20 (66.7) | 21 (70) |
| N° of comorbidities, mean (SD) | 2.9 (2.5) | 3.9 (2.9) |
| ≥ 3 comorbidities, n (%) | 16 (53.3) | 18 (60) |
| History of depression, n (%) | 3 (10) | 7 (23.3) |
| History of anxiety, n (%) | 7 (23.3) | 7 (23.3) |
| MADRS | ||
| No symptoms of depression, n (%) | 13 (43.3) | 17 (56.7) |
| Mild symptoms of depression, n (%) | 15 (50) | 13 (43.3) |
| Moderate symptoms of depression, n (%) | 2 (6.7) | 0 |
| History of bipolar disease, n (%) | 0 | 1 (3.3) |
| Sleep apnea, n (%) | 4 (13.3) | 5 (16.7) |
| COPD, n (%) | 0 | 1 (3.3) |
| Urinary incontinence, n (%) | 4 (13.3) | 6 (20) |
| Cognitive impairment, n (%) | 0 | 1 (3.3) |
| MMSE, mean (SD) | 29.2 (0.9) | 29.1 (1.0) |
| Use of hypnotics prior to study | 12 (40) | 4 (13.3) |
| N° of concomitant drugs, mean (SD) | 3.4 (2.7) | 4.2 (4.3) |
| Cardiovascular drugs, n (%) | 15 (50) | 11 (36.7) |
| Respiratory drugs, n (%) | 1 (3.3) | 4 (13.3) |
| Gastrointestinal drugs, n (%) | 9 (30) | 7 (23.3) |
| Endocrinologic drugs, n (%) | 5 (16.7) | 7 (23.3) |
| Osteoporosis drugs, n (%) | 5 (16.7) | 7 (23.3) |
| Antidepressant drugs, n (%) | 4 (13.3) | 2 (6.7) |
| Other CNS drugs, n (%) | 2 (6.7) | 3 (10) |
| Antiretroviral drugs, n (%) | 1 (3.3) | 1 (3.3) |
| Analgesic drugs, n (%) | 5 (16.7) | 8 (26.7) |
| Any drugs, n (%) | 23 (76.7) | 20 (66.7) |
| ≥ 5 medications | 4 (13.3) | 7 (23.3) |
| Characteristics . | Mirtazapine group (n = 30) . | Placebo group (n = 30) . |
|---|---|---|
| Age years, mean (SD) | 73.0 (5.8) | 71.7 (4.1) |
| Age range | 64–85 | 65–80 |
| Female, n (%) | 16 (53.3) | 20 (66.7) |
| Race | ||
| White, n (%) | 27 (90) | 27 (90) |
| Black or African American, n (%) | 2 (6.7) | 3 (10) |
| Asian, n (%) | 1 (3.3) | 0 |
| Exercise | ||
| Never, n (%) | 5 (16.7) | 4 (13.3) |
| Occasional, n (%) | 5 (16.7) | 5 (16.7) |
| Regular, n (%) | 20 (66.7) | 21 (70) |
| N° of comorbidities, mean (SD) | 2.9 (2.5) | 3.9 (2.9) |
| ≥ 3 comorbidities, n (%) | 16 (53.3) | 18 (60) |
| History of depression, n (%) | 3 (10) | 7 (23.3) |
| History of anxiety, n (%) | 7 (23.3) | 7 (23.3) |
| MADRS | ||
| No symptoms of depression, n (%) | 13 (43.3) | 17 (56.7) |
| Mild symptoms of depression, n (%) | 15 (50) | 13 (43.3) |
| Moderate symptoms of depression, n (%) | 2 (6.7) | 0 |
| History of bipolar disease, n (%) | 0 | 1 (3.3) |
| Sleep apnea, n (%) | 4 (13.3) | 5 (16.7) |
| COPD, n (%) | 0 | 1 (3.3) |
| Urinary incontinence, n (%) | 4 (13.3) | 6 (20) |
| Cognitive impairment, n (%) | 0 | 1 (3.3) |
| MMSE, mean (SD) | 29.2 (0.9) | 29.1 (1.0) |
| Use of hypnotics prior to study | 12 (40) | 4 (13.3) |
| N° of concomitant drugs, mean (SD) | 3.4 (2.7) | 4.2 (4.3) |
| Cardiovascular drugs, n (%) | 15 (50) | 11 (36.7) |
| Respiratory drugs, n (%) | 1 (3.3) | 4 (13.3) |
| Gastrointestinal drugs, n (%) | 9 (30) | 7 (23.3) |
| Endocrinologic drugs, n (%) | 5 (16.7) | 7 (23.3) |
| Osteoporosis drugs, n (%) | 5 (16.7) | 7 (23.3) |
| Antidepressant drugs, n (%) | 4 (13.3) | 2 (6.7) |
| Other CNS drugs, n (%) | 2 (6.7) | 3 (10) |
| Antiretroviral drugs, n (%) | 1 (3.3) | 1 (3.3) |
| Analgesic drugs, n (%) | 5 (16.7) | 8 (26.7) |
| Any drugs, n (%) | 23 (76.7) | 20 (66.7) |
| ≥ 5 medications | 4 (13.3) | 7 (23.3) |
SD: standard deviation, MADRS: Montgomery–Åsberg depression rating scale, COPD: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, CNS: central nervous system.
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