Table 2. Open in new tab Patient...

	Insulin sensitive	Insulin resistant
Age, y	54.2 ± 1.1	55.6 ± 1.3	.402
Sex, % female	30.7	43.1	.075
BMI	24.7 ± 0.18	25 ± 0.18	.232
HbA_1c, %	5.3 ± 0.03	5.3 ± 0.03	.466
FPG, mg/dL	90.5 ± 0.6	91.2 ± 0.6	.338
SBP, mm Hg	116.4 ± 1.8	123.5 ± 1.7	.015
DBP, mm Hg	70.9 ± 1.1	75.3 ± 1.0	.013
HDL, mg/dL	61.7 ± 1.7	54.9 ± 1.5	.006
TGs, mg/dL	98.5 ± 10.4	125.1 ± 6.7	<.0001
TGs/HDL	1.85 ± 0.2	2.54 ± 0.2	<.0001
hs-CRP, mg/L	1.04 ± 0.1	2.25 ± 0.3	.0025
60-min glu, mg/dL	122.1 ± 3.6	146.0 ± 3.7	<.0001
60-min glu, >155 mg/dL, %	3.0 ± 0.02	41.2 ± 0.05	<.0001
120-min glucose, mg/dL	87.6 ± 2.6	111.1 ± 3.6	<.0001
0- to 120-min plasma glu, mg/dL	114.8 ± 2.4	133.1 ± 2.5	<.0001
Insulinogenic index^a	1.31 ± 0.2	2.80 ± 0.4	<.0001
Matsuda Index	8.058 ± 0.5	2.358 ± 0.1	<.0001
Total insulin secretion, 0-120 min	72.0 ± 3.7	226.4 ± 11.9	<.0001
Total C-pep secretion, 0-120 min	8.2 ± 0.3	12.8 ± 0.4	<.0001
ΔAUC C-pep/ΔAUC glu, 0-30 min	0.11 ± 0.04	0.13 ± 0.02	.012
ΔAUC insulin/ΔAUC glu, 0-120 min	2.78 ± 0.7	3.29 ± 0.2	<.0001
(ΔAUC Insulin/ΔAUC glu) × Matsuda Index	16.4 ± 2.8	7.47 ± 0.5	<.0001
ΔAUC C-pep/ΔAUC glu, 0-120 min	0.29 ± 0.06	0.19 ± 0.01	.342
Disposition Index^b	2.00 ± 0.3	0.45 ± 0.03	<.0001
IGT, %	4.0 ± 0.02	16.8 ± 0.04	.0006
T2DM^c, %	0 ± 0	1.0 ± 0.01	.324

Insulin sensitive

Insulin resistant

(n = 101) ± SEM

(n = 102) ± SEM

Age, y

54.2 ± 1.1

55.6 ± 1.3

.402

Sex, % female

30.7

43.1

.075

BMI

24.7 ± 0.18

25 ± 0.18

.232

HbA_1c, %

5.3 ± 0.03

.466

FPG, mg/dL

90.5 ± 0.6

91.2 ± 0.6

.338

SBP, mm Hg

116.4 ± 1.8

123.5 ± 1.7

.015

DBP, mm Hg

70.9 ± 1.1

75.3 ± 1.0

.013

HDL, mg/dL

61.7 ± 1.7

54.9 ± 1.5

.006

TGs, mg/dL

98.5 ± 10.4

125.1 ± 6.7

<.0001

TGs/HDL

1.85 ± 0.2

2.54 ± 0.2

<.0001

hs-CRP, mg/L

1.04 ± 0.1

2.25 ± 0.3

.0025

60-min glu, mg/dL

122.1 ± 3.6

146.0 ± 3.7

<.0001

60-min glu, >155 mg/dL, %

3.0 ± 0.02

41.2 ± 0.05

<.0001

120-min glucose, mg/dL

87.6 ± 2.6

111.1 ± 3.6

<.0001

0- to 120-min plasma glu, mg/dL

114.8 ± 2.4

133.1 ± 2.5

<.0001

Insulinogenic index^a

1.31 ± 0.2

2.80 ± 0.4

<.0001

Matsuda Index

8.058 ± 0.5

2.358 ± 0.1

<.0001

Total insulin secretion, 0-120 min

72.0 ± 3.7

226.4 ± 11.9

<.0001

Total C-pep secretion, 0-120 min

8.2 ± 0.3

12.8 ± 0.4

<.0001

ΔAUC C-pep/ΔAUC glu, 0-30 min

0.11 ± 0.04

0.13 ± 0.02

.012

ΔAUC insulin/ΔAUC glu, 0-120 min

2.78 ± 0.7

3.29 ± 0.2

<.0001

(ΔAUC Insulin/ΔAUC glu) × Matsuda Index

16.4 ± 2.8

7.47 ± 0.5

<.0001

ΔAUC C-pep/ΔAUC glu, 0-120 min

0.29 ± 0.06

0.19 ± 0.01

.342

Disposition Index^b

2.00 ± 0.3

0.45 ± 0.03

<.0001

IGT, %

4.0 ± 0.02

16.8 ± 0.04

.0006

T2DM^c, %

0 ± 0

1.0 ± 0.01

.324

	Insulin sensitive	Insulin resistant
Age, y	54.2 ± 1.1	55.6 ± 1.3	.402
Sex, % female	30.7	43.1	.075
BMI	24.7 ± 0.18	25 ± 0.18	.232
HbA_1c, %	5.3 ± 0.03	5.3 ± 0.03	.466
FPG, mg/dL	90.5 ± 0.6	91.2 ± 0.6	.338
SBP, mm Hg	116.4 ± 1.8	123.5 ± 1.7	.015
DBP, mm Hg	70.9 ± 1.1	75.3 ± 1.0	.013
HDL, mg/dL	61.7 ± 1.7	54.9 ± 1.5	.006
TGs, mg/dL	98.5 ± 10.4	125.1 ± 6.7	<.0001
TGs/HDL	1.85 ± 0.2	2.54 ± 0.2	<.0001
hs-CRP, mg/L	1.04 ± 0.1	2.25 ± 0.3	.0025
60-min glu, mg/dL	122.1 ± 3.6	146.0 ± 3.7	<.0001
60-min glu, >155 mg/dL, %	3.0 ± 0.02	41.2 ± 0.05	<.0001
120-min glucose, mg/dL	87.6 ± 2.6	111.1 ± 3.6	<.0001
0- to 120-min plasma glu, mg/dL	114.8 ± 2.4	133.1 ± 2.5	<.0001
Insulinogenic index^a	1.31 ± 0.2	2.80 ± 0.4	<.0001
Matsuda Index	8.058 ± 0.5	2.358 ± 0.1	<.0001
Total insulin secretion, 0-120 min	72.0 ± 3.7	226.4 ± 11.9	<.0001
Total C-pep secretion, 0-120 min	8.2 ± 0.3	12.8 ± 0.4	<.0001
ΔAUC C-pep/ΔAUC glu, 0-30 min	0.11 ± 0.04	0.13 ± 0.02	.012
ΔAUC insulin/ΔAUC glu, 0-120 min	2.78 ± 0.7	3.29 ± 0.2	<.0001
(ΔAUC Insulin/ΔAUC glu) × Matsuda Index	16.4 ± 2.8	7.47 ± 0.5	<.0001
ΔAUC C-pep/ΔAUC glu, 0-120 min	0.29 ± 0.06	0.19 ± 0.01	.342
Disposition Index^b	2.00 ± 0.3	0.45 ± 0.03	<.0001
IGT, %	4.0 ± 0.02	16.8 ± 0.04	.0006
T2DM^c, %	0 ± 0	1.0 ± 0.01	.324

Table 2.

Open in new tab

Patient characteristics and measures of glucose tolerance, insulin secretion, and cardiometabolic risk factors using body mass index less than 27.5 as index of nonobesity

	Insulin sensitive	Insulin resistant
	(n = 101) ± SEM	(n = 102) ± SEM	P
Age, y	54.2 ± 1.1	55.6 ± 1.3	.402
Sex, % female	30.7	43.1	.075
BMI	24.7 ± 0.18	25 ± 0.18	.232
HbA_1c, %	5.3 ± 0.03	5.3 ± 0.03	.466
FPG, mg/dL	90.5 ± 0.6	91.2 ± 0.6	.338
SBP, mm Hg	116.4 ± 1.8	123.5 ± 1.7	.015
DBP, mm Hg	70.9 ± 1.1	75.3 ± 1.0	.013
HDL, mg/dL	61.7 ± 1.7	54.9 ± 1.5	.006
TGs, mg/dL	98.5 ± 10.4	125.1 ± 6.7	<.0001
TGs/HDL	1.85 ± 0.2	2.54 ± 0.2	<.0001
hs-CRP, mg/L	1.04 ± 0.1	2.25 ± 0.3	.0025
60-min glu, mg/dL	122.1 ± 3.6	146.0 ± 3.7	<.0001
60-min glu, >155 mg/dL, %	3.0 ± 0.02	41.2 ± 0.05	<.0001
120-min glucose, mg/dL	87.6 ± 2.6	111.1 ± 3.6	<.0001
0- to 120-min plasma glu, mg/dL	114.8 ± 2.4	133.1 ± 2.5	<.0001
Insulinogenic index^a	1.31 ± 0.2	2.80 ± 0.4	<.0001
Matsuda Index	8.058 ± 0.5	2.358 ± 0.1	<.0001
Total insulin secretion, 0-120 min	72.0 ± 3.7	226.4 ± 11.9	<.0001
Total C-pep secretion, 0-120 min	8.2 ± 0.3	12.8 ± 0.4	<.0001
ΔAUC C-pep/ΔAUC glu, 0-30 min	0.11 ± 0.04	0.13 ± 0.02	.012
ΔAUC insulin/ΔAUC glu, 0-120 min	2.78 ± 0.7	3.29 ± 0.2	<.0001
(ΔAUC Insulin/ΔAUC glu) × Matsuda Index	16.4 ± 2.8	7.47 ± 0.5	<.0001
ΔAUC C-pep/ΔAUC glu, 0-120 min	0.29 ± 0.06	0.19 ± 0.01	.342
Disposition Index^b	2.00 ± 0.3	0.45 ± 0.03	<.0001
IGT, %	4.0 ± 0.02	16.8 ± 0.04	.0006
T2DM^c, %	0 ± 0	1.0 ± 0.01	.324

	Insulin sensitive	Insulin resistant
	(n = 101) ± SEM	(n = 102) ± SEM	P
Age, y	54.2 ± 1.1	55.6 ± 1.3	.402
Sex, % female	30.7	43.1	.075
BMI	24.7 ± 0.18	25 ± 0.18	.232
HbA_1c, %	5.3 ± 0.03	5.3 ± 0.03	.466
FPG, mg/dL	90.5 ± 0.6	91.2 ± 0.6	.338
SBP, mm Hg	116.4 ± 1.8	123.5 ± 1.7	.015
DBP, mm Hg	70.9 ± 1.1	75.3 ± 1.0	.013
HDL, mg/dL	61.7 ± 1.7	54.9 ± 1.5	.006
TGs, mg/dL	98.5 ± 10.4	125.1 ± 6.7	<.0001
TGs/HDL	1.85 ± 0.2	2.54 ± 0.2	<.0001
hs-CRP, mg/L	1.04 ± 0.1	2.25 ± 0.3	.0025
60-min glu, mg/dL	122.1 ± 3.6	146.0 ± 3.7	<.0001
60-min glu, >155 mg/dL, %	3.0 ± 0.02	41.2 ± 0.05	<.0001
120-min glucose, mg/dL	87.6 ± 2.6	111.1 ± 3.6	<.0001
0- to 120-min plasma glu, mg/dL	114.8 ± 2.4	133.1 ± 2.5	<.0001
Insulinogenic index^a	1.31 ± 0.2	2.80 ± 0.4	<.0001
Matsuda Index	8.058 ± 0.5	2.358 ± 0.1	<.0001
Total insulin secretion, 0-120 min	72.0 ± 3.7	226.4 ± 11.9	<.0001
Total C-pep secretion, 0-120 min	8.2 ± 0.3	12.8 ± 0.4	<.0001
ΔAUC C-pep/ΔAUC glu, 0-30 min	0.11 ± 0.04	0.13 ± 0.02	.012
ΔAUC insulin/ΔAUC glu, 0-120 min	2.78 ± 0.7	3.29 ± 0.2	<.0001
(ΔAUC Insulin/ΔAUC glu) × Matsuda Index	16.4 ± 2.8	7.47 ± 0.5	<.0001
ΔAUC C-pep/ΔAUC glu, 0-120 min	0.29 ± 0.06	0.19 ± 0.01	.342
Disposition Index^b	2.00 ± 0.3	0.45 ± 0.03	<.0001
IGT, %	4.0 ± 0.02	16.8 ± 0.04	.0006
T2DM^c, %	0 ± 0	1.0 ± 0.01	.324

Mann-Whitney U test (Wilcoxon rank-sum).

Abbreviations: AUC, area under the curve; BMI, body mass index; C-pep, C peptide; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; FPG, fasting plasma glucose; Glu, glucose; HbA_1c, glycated hemoglobin A_1c; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; hs-CRP, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein; IGT, impaired glucose tolerance; SBP, systolic blood pressure; T2DM, type 2 diabetes mellitus; TGs, triglycerides.

^aΔInsulin/ΔGlucose (0-30 minutes).

^bIncremental ΔAUC C-pep/Incremental ΔAUC glu (0-120 minutes) × Matsuda Index.

^cTwo-hour glucose 200 mg/dL or greater.

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