Publications testing the effects of surfactants on Folsomia sp. using (a) flotation or (b) heat extraction in a 28-day reproduction test. LAS = linear alkyl benzene sulfonic acid; OECD = artificial Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development soil (OECD 2016). If other endpoints were tested as well, any comparisons refer to F. candida or F. fimetaria, respectively.
| Publication . | Substance . | Species . | Soil . | Effect concentration for reproduction of Folsomia sp. in mg/kg dry soil . | Results . |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Flotation | |||||
| Fernandes et al. (2020) | Seven commercial surfactants containing mixed micelles of ether sulfate-based surfactants and linear alkyl benzene sulfonic acid ( with varying hydrophilic headgroups |
| OECD | EC50 = 0.8 - > 1.2 | Plants least sensitive; PEC for LAS in sludge-amended soils = 1.4 mg/kg |
| Gomes et al. (2023) | Nanoemulsion lipid particles (lecitihin, sunflower oil) + dispersant (borate buffer) |
| Lufa 2.2 | EC50 < 50/100 | E. crypticus probably least sensitive (EC50 = 75/88); more juveniles at 50 and 100 mg/kg, respectively |
| Gomes et al. (2024) |
|
| Lufa 2.2 | EC50 = 44 with and without xanthan gum, respectively | E. crypticus most sensitive (EC50 = 15/29) |
| Gavina et al. (2016) | Organic nano-vesicles of sodiumdodecyl sulphate/didodecyl dimethylammonium bromide (SDS/DDAB) |
| OECD |
| E. andrei least sensitive (reproduction), plants more and less sensitive, depending on species |
| Domene et al. (2009) | Nonylphenol ethoxylated mixture (NP8EO) | F. candida | OECD + 2 field soils | EC50 = 650-1450 | highest toxicity in soil with low clay content |
| Kwak et al. (2020) | PFOA |
| Lufa 2.2 |
| F. candida among the most sensitive species in acute and chronic species sensitivity distribution |
| Princz et al. (2018) | PFOS |
| Coarse and fine soil | EC50 = 94 - 233 | O. nitens (heat extracted) most sensitive: EC50 = 23 - 95 |
| Kuperman et al. (2023) | 8 firefighting foams, fresh vs. weathered |
| Sandy loam field soil | EC50 = 151 - 5451 | E. crypticus in most cases least sensitive (EC50 = 465–10512) |
| Graetz et al. (2021) | 6 firefighting water additives, including Eco-Gel (polysaccharides, triglycerides) |
| Loam field soil |
| Only Eco-gel was tested for reproduction of F. candida, for this substance it was the most sensitive species |
| Anderson and Prosser (2023) | 9 firefighting water additives (based on alpha-olefin sulfonate, ammonium polyphosphate, polyol blend triglyceride, polyacrylate) |
| Artificial soil (ECCC 2017) |
| Toxicity to F. candida and isopods higher than to plants |
| Heat extraction | |||||
| Holmstrup et al. (2001) | LAS (Na-, Mg-, Ca-) | Folsomia fimetaria |
|
| |
| Holmstrup and Krogh (1996) | LAS | F. fimetaria | Lufa 2.2 | EC50 = 737 mg/kg | |
| Jensen and Sverdrup (2002) | LAS | F. fimetaria | Sandy loam field soil | EC50 = 803 | |
| Gejlsbjerg et al. (2001) | LAS |
| Coarse sandy field soil | EC50 = 1437 | E. albidus most sensitive (EC50 = 1143), |
| Krogh et al. (2007) | LAS | F. candida | Sandy loam field soil | EC10 = 205 | |
| Publication . | Substance . | Species . | Soil . | Effect concentration for reproduction of Folsomia sp. in mg/kg dry soil . | Results . |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Flotation | |||||
| Fernandes et al. (2020) | Seven commercial surfactants containing mixed micelles of ether sulfate-based surfactants and linear alkyl benzene sulfonic acid ( with varying hydrophilic headgroups |
| OECD | EC50 = 0.8 - > 1.2 | Plants least sensitive; PEC for LAS in sludge-amended soils = 1.4 mg/kg |
| Gomes et al. (2023) | Nanoemulsion lipid particles (lecitihin, sunflower oil) + dispersant (borate buffer) |
| Lufa 2.2 | EC50 < 50/100 | E. crypticus probably least sensitive (EC50 = 75/88); more juveniles at 50 and 100 mg/kg, respectively |
| Gomes et al. (2024) |
|
| Lufa 2.2 | EC50 = 44 with and without xanthan gum, respectively | E. crypticus most sensitive (EC50 = 15/29) |
| Gavina et al. (2016) | Organic nano-vesicles of sodiumdodecyl sulphate/didodecyl dimethylammonium bromide (SDS/DDAB) |
| OECD |
| E. andrei least sensitive (reproduction), plants more and less sensitive, depending on species |
| Domene et al. (2009) | Nonylphenol ethoxylated mixture (NP8EO) | F. candida | OECD + 2 field soils | EC50 = 650-1450 | highest toxicity in soil with low clay content |
| Kwak et al. (2020) | PFOA |
| Lufa 2.2 |
| F. candida among the most sensitive species in acute and chronic species sensitivity distribution |
| Princz et al. (2018) | PFOS |
| Coarse and fine soil | EC50 = 94 - 233 | O. nitens (heat extracted) most sensitive: EC50 = 23 - 95 |
| Kuperman et al. (2023) | 8 firefighting foams, fresh vs. weathered |
| Sandy loam field soil | EC50 = 151 - 5451 | E. crypticus in most cases least sensitive (EC50 = 465–10512) |
| Graetz et al. (2021) | 6 firefighting water additives, including Eco-Gel (polysaccharides, triglycerides) |
| Loam field soil |
| Only Eco-gel was tested for reproduction of F. candida, for this substance it was the most sensitive species |
| Anderson and Prosser (2023) | 9 firefighting water additives (based on alpha-olefin sulfonate, ammonium polyphosphate, polyol blend triglyceride, polyacrylate) |
| Artificial soil (ECCC 2017) |
| Toxicity to F. candida and isopods higher than to plants |
| Heat extraction | |||||
| Holmstrup et al. (2001) | LAS (Na-, Mg-, Ca-) | Folsomia fimetaria |
|
| |
| Holmstrup and Krogh (1996) | LAS | F. fimetaria | Lufa 2.2 | EC50 = 737 mg/kg | |
| Jensen and Sverdrup (2002) | LAS | F. fimetaria | Sandy loam field soil | EC50 = 803 | |
| Gejlsbjerg et al. (2001) | LAS |
| Coarse sandy field soil | EC50 = 1437 | E. albidus most sensitive (EC50 = 1143), |
| Krogh et al. (2007) | LAS | F. candida | Sandy loam field soil | EC10 = 205 | |
Note. LAS = linear alkylbenzene sulfonate; LSSP = lipid surfactant submicron particles; PEC = predicted environmental concentration; PFOA = perfluorooctanoic acid; PFOS = perfluorooctane sulfonate; EC50 = half-maximal effect concentration; NOEC = no-observable-effect-concentration.
Publications testing the effects of surfactants on Folsomia sp. using (a) flotation or (b) heat extraction in a 28-day reproduction test. LAS = linear alkyl benzene sulfonic acid; OECD = artificial Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development soil (OECD 2016). If other endpoints were tested as well, any comparisons refer to F. candida or F. fimetaria, respectively.
| Publication . | Substance . | Species . | Soil . | Effect concentration for reproduction of Folsomia sp. in mg/kg dry soil . | Results . |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Flotation | |||||
| Fernandes et al. (2020) | Seven commercial surfactants containing mixed micelles of ether sulfate-based surfactants and linear alkyl benzene sulfonic acid ( with varying hydrophilic headgroups |
| OECD | EC50 = 0.8 - > 1.2 | Plants least sensitive; PEC for LAS in sludge-amended soils = 1.4 mg/kg |
| Gomes et al. (2023) | Nanoemulsion lipid particles (lecitihin, sunflower oil) + dispersant (borate buffer) |
| Lufa 2.2 | EC50 < 50/100 | E. crypticus probably least sensitive (EC50 = 75/88); more juveniles at 50 and 100 mg/kg, respectively |
| Gomes et al. (2024) |
|
| Lufa 2.2 | EC50 = 44 with and without xanthan gum, respectively | E. crypticus most sensitive (EC50 = 15/29) |
| Gavina et al. (2016) | Organic nano-vesicles of sodiumdodecyl sulphate/didodecyl dimethylammonium bromide (SDS/DDAB) |
| OECD |
| E. andrei least sensitive (reproduction), plants more and less sensitive, depending on species |
| Domene et al. (2009) | Nonylphenol ethoxylated mixture (NP8EO) | F. candida | OECD + 2 field soils | EC50 = 650-1450 | highest toxicity in soil with low clay content |
| Kwak et al. (2020) | PFOA |
| Lufa 2.2 |
| F. candida among the most sensitive species in acute and chronic species sensitivity distribution |
| Princz et al. (2018) | PFOS |
| Coarse and fine soil | EC50 = 94 - 233 | O. nitens (heat extracted) most sensitive: EC50 = 23 - 95 |
| Kuperman et al. (2023) | 8 firefighting foams, fresh vs. weathered |
| Sandy loam field soil | EC50 = 151 - 5451 | E. crypticus in most cases least sensitive (EC50 = 465–10512) |
| Graetz et al. (2021) | 6 firefighting water additives, including Eco-Gel (polysaccharides, triglycerides) |
| Loam field soil |
| Only Eco-gel was tested for reproduction of F. candida, for this substance it was the most sensitive species |
| Anderson and Prosser (2023) | 9 firefighting water additives (based on alpha-olefin sulfonate, ammonium polyphosphate, polyol blend triglyceride, polyacrylate) |
| Artificial soil (ECCC 2017) |
| Toxicity to F. candida and isopods higher than to plants |
| Heat extraction | |||||
| Holmstrup et al. (2001) | LAS (Na-, Mg-, Ca-) | Folsomia fimetaria |
|
| |
| Holmstrup and Krogh (1996) | LAS | F. fimetaria | Lufa 2.2 | EC50 = 737 mg/kg | |
| Jensen and Sverdrup (2002) | LAS | F. fimetaria | Sandy loam field soil | EC50 = 803 | |
| Gejlsbjerg et al. (2001) | LAS |
| Coarse sandy field soil | EC50 = 1437 | E. albidus most sensitive (EC50 = 1143), |
| Krogh et al. (2007) | LAS | F. candida | Sandy loam field soil | EC10 = 205 | |
| Publication . | Substance . | Species . | Soil . | Effect concentration for reproduction of Folsomia sp. in mg/kg dry soil . | Results . |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Flotation | |||||
| Fernandes et al. (2020) | Seven commercial surfactants containing mixed micelles of ether sulfate-based surfactants and linear alkyl benzene sulfonic acid ( with varying hydrophilic headgroups |
| OECD | EC50 = 0.8 - > 1.2 | Plants least sensitive; PEC for LAS in sludge-amended soils = 1.4 mg/kg |
| Gomes et al. (2023) | Nanoemulsion lipid particles (lecitihin, sunflower oil) + dispersant (borate buffer) |
| Lufa 2.2 | EC50 < 50/100 | E. crypticus probably least sensitive (EC50 = 75/88); more juveniles at 50 and 100 mg/kg, respectively |
| Gomes et al. (2024) |
|
| Lufa 2.2 | EC50 = 44 with and without xanthan gum, respectively | E. crypticus most sensitive (EC50 = 15/29) |
| Gavina et al. (2016) | Organic nano-vesicles of sodiumdodecyl sulphate/didodecyl dimethylammonium bromide (SDS/DDAB) |
| OECD |
| E. andrei least sensitive (reproduction), plants more and less sensitive, depending on species |
| Domene et al. (2009) | Nonylphenol ethoxylated mixture (NP8EO) | F. candida | OECD + 2 field soils | EC50 = 650-1450 | highest toxicity in soil with low clay content |
| Kwak et al. (2020) | PFOA |
| Lufa 2.2 |
| F. candida among the most sensitive species in acute and chronic species sensitivity distribution |
| Princz et al. (2018) | PFOS |
| Coarse and fine soil | EC50 = 94 - 233 | O. nitens (heat extracted) most sensitive: EC50 = 23 - 95 |
| Kuperman et al. (2023) | 8 firefighting foams, fresh vs. weathered |
| Sandy loam field soil | EC50 = 151 - 5451 | E. crypticus in most cases least sensitive (EC50 = 465–10512) |
| Graetz et al. (2021) | 6 firefighting water additives, including Eco-Gel (polysaccharides, triglycerides) |
| Loam field soil |
| Only Eco-gel was tested for reproduction of F. candida, for this substance it was the most sensitive species |
| Anderson and Prosser (2023) | 9 firefighting water additives (based on alpha-olefin sulfonate, ammonium polyphosphate, polyol blend triglyceride, polyacrylate) |
| Artificial soil (ECCC 2017) |
| Toxicity to F. candida and isopods higher than to plants |
| Heat extraction | |||||
| Holmstrup et al. (2001) | LAS (Na-, Mg-, Ca-) | Folsomia fimetaria |
|
| |
| Holmstrup and Krogh (1996) | LAS | F. fimetaria | Lufa 2.2 | EC50 = 737 mg/kg | |
| Jensen and Sverdrup (2002) | LAS | F. fimetaria | Sandy loam field soil | EC50 = 803 | |
| Gejlsbjerg et al. (2001) | LAS |
| Coarse sandy field soil | EC50 = 1437 | E. albidus most sensitive (EC50 = 1143), |
| Krogh et al. (2007) | LAS | F. candida | Sandy loam field soil | EC10 = 205 | |
Note. LAS = linear alkylbenzene sulfonate; LSSP = lipid surfactant submicron particles; PEC = predicted environmental concentration; PFOA = perfluorooctanoic acid; PFOS = perfluorooctane sulfonate; EC50 = half-maximal effect concentration; NOEC = no-observable-effect-concentration.
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