| Resident characteristics . | Wave 1 N = 33 . | Wave 2 N = 26 . | Wave 3 N = 14 . | Totals N = 73 . |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean (SD) [R] . | ||||
| Agea (years) | 86 (6.93) [66–98] | 84 (9.42) [63–98] | 86 (8.1) [65–94] | 85 (8.01) [63–98] |
| Resident characteristics . | Wave 1 N = 33 . | Wave 2 N = 26 . | Wave 3 N = 14 . | Totals N = 73 . |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean (SD) [R] . | ||||
| Agea (years) | 86 (6.93) [66–98] | 84 (9.42) [63–98] | 86 (8.1) [65–94] | 85 (8.01) [63–98] |
| n (%) . | N (%) . | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gender | ||||
| Female | 28 (85%) | 16 (62%) | 12 (86%) | 56 (77%) |
| Male | 4 (12%) | 10 (38%) | 2 (14%) | 16 (22%) |
| Transgender | 1 (3%) | — | — | 1 (1%) |
| Race | ||||
| Black/African American | 7 (21%) | 5 (19%) | 10 (71%) | 22 (30%) |
| White/European American | 26 (79%) | 20 (77%) | 4 (29%) | 50 (68.5%) |
| Asian American | — | 1 (4%) | — | 1 (1%) |
| Educationb | ||||
| Less than high school | 1 (3%) | — | — | 1 (1%) |
| High school graduate | 10 (24%) | 2 (8%) | 4 (29%) | 16 (22%) |
| Some college | 9 (27%) | 2 (8%) | — | 11 (15%) |
| College graduate | 8 (24%) | 11 (42%) | 3 (21%) | 22 (30%) |
| Post graduate | 4 (9%) | 8 (31%) | 6 (43%) | 18 (25%) |
| Marital statusc | ||||
| Married | 6 (18%) | 7 (27%) | 5 (36%) | 18 (25%) |
| Divorced/separated | 4 (3%) | 4 (15%) | — | 8 (11%) |
| Widowed | 21 (55%) | 13 (50%) | 7 (50%) | 41 (56%) |
| Never married | 2 (6%) | 1 (4%) | 2 (14%) | 5 (7%) |
| Mobility | ||||
| Uses wheelchair with help | 8 (24%) | 3 (12%) | 2 (14%) | 13 (18%) |
| Wheelchair independent | 3 (9%) | 1 (4%) | 4 (29%) | 8 (11%) |
| Walks with help of one person (verbal or physical cues) | 1 (3%) | 5 (19%) | 3 (21%) | 9 (12%) |
| Independent (might use assistive device such as walker or cane) | 21 (64%) | 17 (65%) | 5 (36%) | 43 (59%) |
| AL location | ||||
| Assisted living | 5 (15%) | 5 (19%) | — | 10 (14%) |
| Locked unit in AL | 21 (64%) | — | — | 35 (48%) |
| All memory care | 7 (21%) | 21 (81%) | 14 (100%) | 28 (38%) |
| n (%) . | N (%) . | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gender | ||||
| Female | 28 (85%) | 16 (62%) | 12 (86%) | 56 (77%) |
| Male | 4 (12%) | 10 (38%) | 2 (14%) | 16 (22%) |
| Transgender | 1 (3%) | — | — | 1 (1%) |
| Race | ||||
| Black/African American | 7 (21%) | 5 (19%) | 10 (71%) | 22 (30%) |
| White/European American | 26 (79%) | 20 (77%) | 4 (29%) | 50 (68.5%) |
| Asian American | — | 1 (4%) | — | 1 (1%) |
| Educationb | ||||
| Less than high school | 1 (3%) | — | — | 1 (1%) |
| High school graduate | 10 (24%) | 2 (8%) | 4 (29%) | 16 (22%) |
| Some college | 9 (27%) | 2 (8%) | — | 11 (15%) |
| College graduate | 8 (24%) | 11 (42%) | 3 (21%) | 22 (30%) |
| Post graduate | 4 (9%) | 8 (31%) | 6 (43%) | 18 (25%) |
| Marital statusc | ||||
| Married | 6 (18%) | 7 (27%) | 5 (36%) | 18 (25%) |
| Divorced/separated | 4 (3%) | 4 (15%) | — | 8 (11%) |
| Widowed | 21 (55%) | 13 (50%) | 7 (50%) | 41 (56%) |
| Never married | 2 (6%) | 1 (4%) | 2 (14%) | 5 (7%) |
| Mobility | ||||
| Uses wheelchair with help | 8 (24%) | 3 (12%) | 2 (14%) | 13 (18%) |
| Wheelchair independent | 3 (9%) | 1 (4%) | 4 (29%) | 8 (11%) |
| Walks with help of one person (verbal or physical cues) | 1 (3%) | 5 (19%) | 3 (21%) | 9 (12%) |
| Independent (might use assistive device such as walker or cane) | 21 (64%) | 17 (65%) | 5 (36%) | 43 (59%) |
| AL location | ||||
| Assisted living | 5 (15%) | 5 (19%) | — | 10 (14%) |
| Locked unit in AL | 21 (64%) | — | — | 35 (48%) |
| All memory care | 7 (21%) | 21 (81%) | 14 (100%) | 28 (38%) |
| Mean (SD) [R] . | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Barthel Indexd | 11 (7.42) [0–20] | 14 (5.53) [0–20] | 9 (5.74) [0–18] | 12 (6.63) [0–20] |
| Mean (SD) [R] . | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Barthel Indexd | 11 (7.42) [0–20] | 14 (5.53) [0–20] | 9 (5.74) [0–18] | 12 (6.63) [0–20] |
Notes: AL = assisted living; N = total number of participants; n = number of participants; R = range; SD = standard deviation.
aAge unknown (N = 3; all in Wave 2).
bHighest education level unknown (N = 5; 1 in Wave 1, 3 in Wave 2, 1 in Wave 3).
cMarital status unknown (N = 1; in Wave 2).
dTotal possible scores for the Barthel Index range from 0 to 20. Lower scores indicate the person requires more assistance performing activities of daily living.
| Resident characteristics . | Wave 1 N = 33 . | Wave 2 N = 26 . | Wave 3 N = 14 . | Totals N = 73 . |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean (SD) [R] . | ||||
| Agea (years) | 86 (6.93) [66–98] | 84 (9.42) [63–98] | 86 (8.1) [65–94] | 85 (8.01) [63–98] |
| Resident characteristics . | Wave 1 N = 33 . | Wave 2 N = 26 . | Wave 3 N = 14 . | Totals N = 73 . |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean (SD) [R] . | ||||
| Agea (years) | 86 (6.93) [66–98] | 84 (9.42) [63–98] | 86 (8.1) [65–94] | 85 (8.01) [63–98] |
| n (%) . | N (%) . | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gender | ||||
| Female | 28 (85%) | 16 (62%) | 12 (86%) | 56 (77%) |
| Male | 4 (12%) | 10 (38%) | 2 (14%) | 16 (22%) |
| Transgender | 1 (3%) | — | — | 1 (1%) |
| Race | ||||
| Black/African American | 7 (21%) | 5 (19%) | 10 (71%) | 22 (30%) |
| White/European American | 26 (79%) | 20 (77%) | 4 (29%) | 50 (68.5%) |
| Asian American | — | 1 (4%) | — | 1 (1%) |
| Educationb | ||||
| Less than high school | 1 (3%) | — | — | 1 (1%) |
| High school graduate | 10 (24%) | 2 (8%) | 4 (29%) | 16 (22%) |
| Some college | 9 (27%) | 2 (8%) | — | 11 (15%) |
| College graduate | 8 (24%) | 11 (42%) | 3 (21%) | 22 (30%) |
| Post graduate | 4 (9%) | 8 (31%) | 6 (43%) | 18 (25%) |
| Marital statusc | ||||
| Married | 6 (18%) | 7 (27%) | 5 (36%) | 18 (25%) |
| Divorced/separated | 4 (3%) | 4 (15%) | — | 8 (11%) |
| Widowed | 21 (55%) | 13 (50%) | 7 (50%) | 41 (56%) |
| Never married | 2 (6%) | 1 (4%) | 2 (14%) | 5 (7%) |
| Mobility | ||||
| Uses wheelchair with help | 8 (24%) | 3 (12%) | 2 (14%) | 13 (18%) |
| Wheelchair independent | 3 (9%) | 1 (4%) | 4 (29%) | 8 (11%) |
| Walks with help of one person (verbal or physical cues) | 1 (3%) | 5 (19%) | 3 (21%) | 9 (12%) |
| Independent (might use assistive device such as walker or cane) | 21 (64%) | 17 (65%) | 5 (36%) | 43 (59%) |
| AL location | ||||
| Assisted living | 5 (15%) | 5 (19%) | — | 10 (14%) |
| Locked unit in AL | 21 (64%) | — | — | 35 (48%) |
| All memory care | 7 (21%) | 21 (81%) | 14 (100%) | 28 (38%) |
| n (%) . | N (%) . | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gender | ||||
| Female | 28 (85%) | 16 (62%) | 12 (86%) | 56 (77%) |
| Male | 4 (12%) | 10 (38%) | 2 (14%) | 16 (22%) |
| Transgender | 1 (3%) | — | — | 1 (1%) |
| Race | ||||
| Black/African American | 7 (21%) | 5 (19%) | 10 (71%) | 22 (30%) |
| White/European American | 26 (79%) | 20 (77%) | 4 (29%) | 50 (68.5%) |
| Asian American | — | 1 (4%) | — | 1 (1%) |
| Educationb | ||||
| Less than high school | 1 (3%) | — | — | 1 (1%) |
| High school graduate | 10 (24%) | 2 (8%) | 4 (29%) | 16 (22%) |
| Some college | 9 (27%) | 2 (8%) | — | 11 (15%) |
| College graduate | 8 (24%) | 11 (42%) | 3 (21%) | 22 (30%) |
| Post graduate | 4 (9%) | 8 (31%) | 6 (43%) | 18 (25%) |
| Marital statusc | ||||
| Married | 6 (18%) | 7 (27%) | 5 (36%) | 18 (25%) |
| Divorced/separated | 4 (3%) | 4 (15%) | — | 8 (11%) |
| Widowed | 21 (55%) | 13 (50%) | 7 (50%) | 41 (56%) |
| Never married | 2 (6%) | 1 (4%) | 2 (14%) | 5 (7%) |
| Mobility | ||||
| Uses wheelchair with help | 8 (24%) | 3 (12%) | 2 (14%) | 13 (18%) |
| Wheelchair independent | 3 (9%) | 1 (4%) | 4 (29%) | 8 (11%) |
| Walks with help of one person (verbal or physical cues) | 1 (3%) | 5 (19%) | 3 (21%) | 9 (12%) |
| Independent (might use assistive device such as walker or cane) | 21 (64%) | 17 (65%) | 5 (36%) | 43 (59%) |
| AL location | ||||
| Assisted living | 5 (15%) | 5 (19%) | — | 10 (14%) |
| Locked unit in AL | 21 (64%) | — | — | 35 (48%) |
| All memory care | 7 (21%) | 21 (81%) | 14 (100%) | 28 (38%) |
| Mean (SD) [R] . | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Barthel Indexd | 11 (7.42) [0–20] | 14 (5.53) [0–20] | 9 (5.74) [0–18] | 12 (6.63) [0–20] |
| Mean (SD) [R] . | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Barthel Indexd | 11 (7.42) [0–20] | 14 (5.53) [0–20] | 9 (5.74) [0–18] | 12 (6.63) [0–20] |
Notes: AL = assisted living; N = total number of participants; n = number of participants; R = range; SD = standard deviation.
aAge unknown (N = 3; all in Wave 2).
bHighest education level unknown (N = 5; 1 in Wave 1, 3 in Wave 2, 1 in Wave 3).
cMarital status unknown (N = 1; in Wave 2).
dTotal possible scores for the Barthel Index range from 0 to 20. Lower scores indicate the person requires more assistance performing activities of daily living.
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