Table 3

A table summarising the main key details presented throughout the paper.

TitleKey focusMethodsFindingsImplicationsReferences
Guidance for Canadian take-home naloxone programs: policy recommendations based on 11 yrs of community and scientific evidencePolicy recommendations for THN programs in CanadaLiterature review, community input, expert consultation, AGREE II toolRecommendations include both intramuscular and intranasal naloxone, with detailed kit contents. Rescuers should prioritise CPRProvides policy direction for THN programs based on extensive evidence and stakeholder input44,  45
Comparison of psychoactive substance concentrations in fatal and nonfatal opioid overdoses: a case–control study with naloxone correlation analysis in NorwayComparison of substance concentrations in fatal vs. nonfatal opioid overdoses; naloxone correlationCase–control study using blood samples and autopsy reportsHigher opioid and benzodiazepine levels in fatal cases; naloxone levels correlated with opioid concentrationsHighlights the role of substance concentration and naloxone administration in overdose outcomes44,  45
Postmortem toxicology of antidepressants and antipsychotics: reference concentrations from fatal poisonings in Finland (2000 to 2020)Reference concentrations of antidepressants and antipsychotics in fatal poisoningsPostmortem toxicology analysis of femoral blood samples from fatalitiesProvides fatal concentration data for 17 antidepressants and 12 antipsychotics. Consistent data for interpretationOffers reliable reference data for interpreting postmortem toxicology findings involving these drugs46,  47
Fatal ropinirole intoxication: blood and urine concentrations from autopsy cases and postmortem redistribution insightsToxicology of ropinirole in fatal cases; postmortem redistribution analysisAnalysis of blood and urine concentrations in autopsy casesElevated concentrations in the fatal case; postmortem redistribution noted. Fatality likely due to shock and arrhythmiaProvides insights into ropinirole toxicity and postmortem concentration changes46,  47
Fatal DXM poisoning: autopsy findings and public health implications from two case reportsDXM toxicity and public health implicationsAutopsy and toxicology analysis of two fatal DXM casesHigh DXM levels in both cases; public awareness needed due to increased misuse and addictionEmphasises the need for public education and regulation of DXM48,  49
Comparing traditional risk assessment and biological monitoring: from external exposure to internal dose evaluationComparison of risk assessment methods: external exposure vs. internal doseAnalysis of traditional risk assessment and biological monitoring techniquesBiological monitoring offers a direct measure of internal exposure, complementing traditional methodsHighlights the importance of internal dose evaluation for accurate risk assessment50
Standardised reporting and QSAR-based toxicity predictions: enhancing chemical risk assessment and resource management in cases of toxin and toxicant exposureImportance of standardised reporting and QSAR in chemical risk assessmentCase definitions for toxin and toxicant exposure; use of QSAR modelsStandardised reporting improves resource management; QSAR models aid in predicting toxicitySupports improved chemical risk assessment through standardised reporting and QSAR models15–17,  52,53
Leveraging QSAR models for chemical toxicity prediction: insights from the TESTQSAR models for predicting chemical toxicityUse of QSAR models and the TESTBasic QSAR models predict toxicity based on chemical structureFacilitates rapid chemical toxicity prediction using QSAR models15–17,  52,53
Development and validation of QSTR models for predicting toxicity of imidazolium- and pyridinium-based ionic liquids: insights from in vivo and in silico studiesToxicity prediction of ionic liquids using QSTR modelsDevelopment and validation of QSTR models; in vivo and in silico toxicity testingEffective QSTR models for toxicity prediction; Daphnia magna assays showed higher sensitivity than Danio rerio.Demonstrates the effectiveness of QSTR models for ionic liquid toxicity prediction15,  55
Integrating adverse outcome pathways and advanced protein structural prediction tools for enhanced risk assessment of Atrazine-induced reproductive toxicityIntegration of AOPs and protein structural prediction for risk assessmentUse of AOPs and protein structural prediction tools; in silico analysesIdentifies key events and proteins involved in atrazine-induced reproductive toxicityEnhances risk assessment by integrating AOPs with advanced protein structural prediction tools56
Advancing chemical susceptibility predictions across species through protein structural integration and molecular docking in next-generation risk assessmentImproved predictions of chemical susceptibility using protein structural dataIntegration of protein structures with molecular docking; application in risk assessmentNovel approach improves species-specific chemical susceptibility predictionsSupports next-generation risk assessment by integrating structural data and molecular docking57
Optimising experimental design in toxicogenomics: the impact of sequencing depth and biological replication on differential gene expression and risk assessmentImpact of sequencing depth and replication in toxicogenomicsAnalysis of RNA-seq data from A549 cells; varying sequencing depth and replicatesReplication has a greater impact on reproducibility than sequencing depth. More replicates improve data qualityOffers guidance on balancing sequencing depth and biological replication in toxicogenomics experiments58
An ODE Model for endogenous H2O2 metabolism in hepatocytes: insights into oxidative stress, GSH depletion, and apoptosis dynamicsModelling endogenous H2O2 metabolism and its effects on oxidative stress and apoptosisDevelopment of an ODE model for H2O2 metabolism in hepatocytes; simulations using in vitro dataGSH depletion triggers significant H2O2 rise and apoptosis; model provides insights into oxidative stress dynamicsEnhances understanding of oxidative stress and apoptosis through H2O2 metabolism modelling59
TitleKey focusMethodsFindingsImplicationsReferences
Guidance for Canadian take-home naloxone programs: policy recommendations based on 11 yrs of community and scientific evidencePolicy recommendations for THN programs in CanadaLiterature review, community input, expert consultation, AGREE II toolRecommendations include both intramuscular and intranasal naloxone, with detailed kit contents. Rescuers should prioritise CPRProvides policy direction for THN programs based on extensive evidence and stakeholder input44,  45
Comparison of psychoactive substance concentrations in fatal and nonfatal opioid overdoses: a case–control study with naloxone correlation analysis in NorwayComparison of substance concentrations in fatal vs. nonfatal opioid overdoses; naloxone correlationCase–control study using blood samples and autopsy reportsHigher opioid and benzodiazepine levels in fatal cases; naloxone levels correlated with opioid concentrationsHighlights the role of substance concentration and naloxone administration in overdose outcomes44,  45
Postmortem toxicology of antidepressants and antipsychotics: reference concentrations from fatal poisonings in Finland (2000 to 2020)Reference concentrations of antidepressants and antipsychotics in fatal poisoningsPostmortem toxicology analysis of femoral blood samples from fatalitiesProvides fatal concentration data for 17 antidepressants and 12 antipsychotics. Consistent data for interpretationOffers reliable reference data for interpreting postmortem toxicology findings involving these drugs46,  47
Fatal ropinirole intoxication: blood and urine concentrations from autopsy cases and postmortem redistribution insightsToxicology of ropinirole in fatal cases; postmortem redistribution analysisAnalysis of blood and urine concentrations in autopsy casesElevated concentrations in the fatal case; postmortem redistribution noted. Fatality likely due to shock and arrhythmiaProvides insights into ropinirole toxicity and postmortem concentration changes46,  47
Fatal DXM poisoning: autopsy findings and public health implications from two case reportsDXM toxicity and public health implicationsAutopsy and toxicology analysis of two fatal DXM casesHigh DXM levels in both cases; public awareness needed due to increased misuse and addictionEmphasises the need for public education and regulation of DXM48,  49
Comparing traditional risk assessment and biological monitoring: from external exposure to internal dose evaluationComparison of risk assessment methods: external exposure vs. internal doseAnalysis of traditional risk assessment and biological monitoring techniquesBiological monitoring offers a direct measure of internal exposure, complementing traditional methodsHighlights the importance of internal dose evaluation for accurate risk assessment50
Standardised reporting and QSAR-based toxicity predictions: enhancing chemical risk assessment and resource management in cases of toxin and toxicant exposureImportance of standardised reporting and QSAR in chemical risk assessmentCase definitions for toxin and toxicant exposure; use of QSAR modelsStandardised reporting improves resource management; QSAR models aid in predicting toxicitySupports improved chemical risk assessment through standardised reporting and QSAR models15–17,  52,53
Leveraging QSAR models for chemical toxicity prediction: insights from the TESTQSAR models for predicting chemical toxicityUse of QSAR models and the TESTBasic QSAR models predict toxicity based on chemical structureFacilitates rapid chemical toxicity prediction using QSAR models15–17,  52,53
Development and validation of QSTR models for predicting toxicity of imidazolium- and pyridinium-based ionic liquids: insights from in vivo and in silico studiesToxicity prediction of ionic liquids using QSTR modelsDevelopment and validation of QSTR models; in vivo and in silico toxicity testingEffective QSTR models for toxicity prediction; Daphnia magna assays showed higher sensitivity than Danio rerio.Demonstrates the effectiveness of QSTR models for ionic liquid toxicity prediction15,  55
Integrating adverse outcome pathways and advanced protein structural prediction tools for enhanced risk assessment of Atrazine-induced reproductive toxicityIntegration of AOPs and protein structural prediction for risk assessmentUse of AOPs and protein structural prediction tools; in silico analysesIdentifies key events and proteins involved in atrazine-induced reproductive toxicityEnhances risk assessment by integrating AOPs with advanced protein structural prediction tools56
Advancing chemical susceptibility predictions across species through protein structural integration and molecular docking in next-generation risk assessmentImproved predictions of chemical susceptibility using protein structural dataIntegration of protein structures with molecular docking; application in risk assessmentNovel approach improves species-specific chemical susceptibility predictionsSupports next-generation risk assessment by integrating structural data and molecular docking57
Optimising experimental design in toxicogenomics: the impact of sequencing depth and biological replication on differential gene expression and risk assessmentImpact of sequencing depth and replication in toxicogenomicsAnalysis of RNA-seq data from A549 cells; varying sequencing depth and replicatesReplication has a greater impact on reproducibility than sequencing depth. More replicates improve data qualityOffers guidance on balancing sequencing depth and biological replication in toxicogenomics experiments58
An ODE Model for endogenous H2O2 metabolism in hepatocytes: insights into oxidative stress, GSH depletion, and apoptosis dynamicsModelling endogenous H2O2 metabolism and its effects on oxidative stress and apoptosisDevelopment of an ODE model for H2O2 metabolism in hepatocytes; simulations using in vitro dataGSH depletion triggers significant H2O2 rise and apoptosis; model provides insights into oxidative stress dynamicsEnhances understanding of oxidative stress and apoptosis through H2O2 metabolism modelling59
Table 3

A table summarising the main key details presented throughout the paper.

TitleKey focusMethodsFindingsImplicationsReferences
Guidance for Canadian take-home naloxone programs: policy recommendations based on 11 yrs of community and scientific evidencePolicy recommendations for THN programs in CanadaLiterature review, community input, expert consultation, AGREE II toolRecommendations include both intramuscular and intranasal naloxone, with detailed kit contents. Rescuers should prioritise CPRProvides policy direction for THN programs based on extensive evidence and stakeholder input44,  45
Comparison of psychoactive substance concentrations in fatal and nonfatal opioid overdoses: a case–control study with naloxone correlation analysis in NorwayComparison of substance concentrations in fatal vs. nonfatal opioid overdoses; naloxone correlationCase–control study using blood samples and autopsy reportsHigher opioid and benzodiazepine levels in fatal cases; naloxone levels correlated with opioid concentrationsHighlights the role of substance concentration and naloxone administration in overdose outcomes44,  45
Postmortem toxicology of antidepressants and antipsychotics: reference concentrations from fatal poisonings in Finland (2000 to 2020)Reference concentrations of antidepressants and antipsychotics in fatal poisoningsPostmortem toxicology analysis of femoral blood samples from fatalitiesProvides fatal concentration data for 17 antidepressants and 12 antipsychotics. Consistent data for interpretationOffers reliable reference data for interpreting postmortem toxicology findings involving these drugs46,  47
Fatal ropinirole intoxication: blood and urine concentrations from autopsy cases and postmortem redistribution insightsToxicology of ropinirole in fatal cases; postmortem redistribution analysisAnalysis of blood and urine concentrations in autopsy casesElevated concentrations in the fatal case; postmortem redistribution noted. Fatality likely due to shock and arrhythmiaProvides insights into ropinirole toxicity and postmortem concentration changes46,  47
Fatal DXM poisoning: autopsy findings and public health implications from two case reportsDXM toxicity and public health implicationsAutopsy and toxicology analysis of two fatal DXM casesHigh DXM levels in both cases; public awareness needed due to increased misuse and addictionEmphasises the need for public education and regulation of DXM48,  49
Comparing traditional risk assessment and biological monitoring: from external exposure to internal dose evaluationComparison of risk assessment methods: external exposure vs. internal doseAnalysis of traditional risk assessment and biological monitoring techniquesBiological monitoring offers a direct measure of internal exposure, complementing traditional methodsHighlights the importance of internal dose evaluation for accurate risk assessment50
Standardised reporting and QSAR-based toxicity predictions: enhancing chemical risk assessment and resource management in cases of toxin and toxicant exposureImportance of standardised reporting and QSAR in chemical risk assessmentCase definitions for toxin and toxicant exposure; use of QSAR modelsStandardised reporting improves resource management; QSAR models aid in predicting toxicitySupports improved chemical risk assessment through standardised reporting and QSAR models15–17,  52,53
Leveraging QSAR models for chemical toxicity prediction: insights from the TESTQSAR models for predicting chemical toxicityUse of QSAR models and the TESTBasic QSAR models predict toxicity based on chemical structureFacilitates rapid chemical toxicity prediction using QSAR models15–17,  52,53
Development and validation of QSTR models for predicting toxicity of imidazolium- and pyridinium-based ionic liquids: insights from in vivo and in silico studiesToxicity prediction of ionic liquids using QSTR modelsDevelopment and validation of QSTR models; in vivo and in silico toxicity testingEffective QSTR models for toxicity prediction; Daphnia magna assays showed higher sensitivity than Danio rerio.Demonstrates the effectiveness of QSTR models for ionic liquid toxicity prediction15,  55
Integrating adverse outcome pathways and advanced protein structural prediction tools for enhanced risk assessment of Atrazine-induced reproductive toxicityIntegration of AOPs and protein structural prediction for risk assessmentUse of AOPs and protein structural prediction tools; in silico analysesIdentifies key events and proteins involved in atrazine-induced reproductive toxicityEnhances risk assessment by integrating AOPs with advanced protein structural prediction tools56
Advancing chemical susceptibility predictions across species through protein structural integration and molecular docking in next-generation risk assessmentImproved predictions of chemical susceptibility using protein structural dataIntegration of protein structures with molecular docking; application in risk assessmentNovel approach improves species-specific chemical susceptibility predictionsSupports next-generation risk assessment by integrating structural data and molecular docking57
Optimising experimental design in toxicogenomics: the impact of sequencing depth and biological replication on differential gene expression and risk assessmentImpact of sequencing depth and replication in toxicogenomicsAnalysis of RNA-seq data from A549 cells; varying sequencing depth and replicatesReplication has a greater impact on reproducibility than sequencing depth. More replicates improve data qualityOffers guidance on balancing sequencing depth and biological replication in toxicogenomics experiments58
An ODE Model for endogenous H2O2 metabolism in hepatocytes: insights into oxidative stress, GSH depletion, and apoptosis dynamicsModelling endogenous H2O2 metabolism and its effects on oxidative stress and apoptosisDevelopment of an ODE model for H2O2 metabolism in hepatocytes; simulations using in vitro dataGSH depletion triggers significant H2O2 rise and apoptosis; model provides insights into oxidative stress dynamicsEnhances understanding of oxidative stress and apoptosis through H2O2 metabolism modelling59
TitleKey focusMethodsFindingsImplicationsReferences
Guidance for Canadian take-home naloxone programs: policy recommendations based on 11 yrs of community and scientific evidencePolicy recommendations for THN programs in CanadaLiterature review, community input, expert consultation, AGREE II toolRecommendations include both intramuscular and intranasal naloxone, with detailed kit contents. Rescuers should prioritise CPRProvides policy direction for THN programs based on extensive evidence and stakeholder input44,  45
Comparison of psychoactive substance concentrations in fatal and nonfatal opioid overdoses: a case–control study with naloxone correlation analysis in NorwayComparison of substance concentrations in fatal vs. nonfatal opioid overdoses; naloxone correlationCase–control study using blood samples and autopsy reportsHigher opioid and benzodiazepine levels in fatal cases; naloxone levels correlated with opioid concentrationsHighlights the role of substance concentration and naloxone administration in overdose outcomes44,  45
Postmortem toxicology of antidepressants and antipsychotics: reference concentrations from fatal poisonings in Finland (2000 to 2020)Reference concentrations of antidepressants and antipsychotics in fatal poisoningsPostmortem toxicology analysis of femoral blood samples from fatalitiesProvides fatal concentration data for 17 antidepressants and 12 antipsychotics. Consistent data for interpretationOffers reliable reference data for interpreting postmortem toxicology findings involving these drugs46,  47
Fatal ropinirole intoxication: blood and urine concentrations from autopsy cases and postmortem redistribution insightsToxicology of ropinirole in fatal cases; postmortem redistribution analysisAnalysis of blood and urine concentrations in autopsy casesElevated concentrations in the fatal case; postmortem redistribution noted. Fatality likely due to shock and arrhythmiaProvides insights into ropinirole toxicity and postmortem concentration changes46,  47
Fatal DXM poisoning: autopsy findings and public health implications from two case reportsDXM toxicity and public health implicationsAutopsy and toxicology analysis of two fatal DXM casesHigh DXM levels in both cases; public awareness needed due to increased misuse and addictionEmphasises the need for public education and regulation of DXM48,  49
Comparing traditional risk assessment and biological monitoring: from external exposure to internal dose evaluationComparison of risk assessment methods: external exposure vs. internal doseAnalysis of traditional risk assessment and biological monitoring techniquesBiological monitoring offers a direct measure of internal exposure, complementing traditional methodsHighlights the importance of internal dose evaluation for accurate risk assessment50
Standardised reporting and QSAR-based toxicity predictions: enhancing chemical risk assessment and resource management in cases of toxin and toxicant exposureImportance of standardised reporting and QSAR in chemical risk assessmentCase definitions for toxin and toxicant exposure; use of QSAR modelsStandardised reporting improves resource management; QSAR models aid in predicting toxicitySupports improved chemical risk assessment through standardised reporting and QSAR models15–17,  52,53
Leveraging QSAR models for chemical toxicity prediction: insights from the TESTQSAR models for predicting chemical toxicityUse of QSAR models and the TESTBasic QSAR models predict toxicity based on chemical structureFacilitates rapid chemical toxicity prediction using QSAR models15–17,  52,53
Development and validation of QSTR models for predicting toxicity of imidazolium- and pyridinium-based ionic liquids: insights from in vivo and in silico studiesToxicity prediction of ionic liquids using QSTR modelsDevelopment and validation of QSTR models; in vivo and in silico toxicity testingEffective QSTR models for toxicity prediction; Daphnia magna assays showed higher sensitivity than Danio rerio.Demonstrates the effectiveness of QSTR models for ionic liquid toxicity prediction15,  55
Integrating adverse outcome pathways and advanced protein structural prediction tools for enhanced risk assessment of Atrazine-induced reproductive toxicityIntegration of AOPs and protein structural prediction for risk assessmentUse of AOPs and protein structural prediction tools; in silico analysesIdentifies key events and proteins involved in atrazine-induced reproductive toxicityEnhances risk assessment by integrating AOPs with advanced protein structural prediction tools56
Advancing chemical susceptibility predictions across species through protein structural integration and molecular docking in next-generation risk assessmentImproved predictions of chemical susceptibility using protein structural dataIntegration of protein structures with molecular docking; application in risk assessmentNovel approach improves species-specific chemical susceptibility predictionsSupports next-generation risk assessment by integrating structural data and molecular docking57
Optimising experimental design in toxicogenomics: the impact of sequencing depth and biological replication on differential gene expression and risk assessmentImpact of sequencing depth and replication in toxicogenomicsAnalysis of RNA-seq data from A549 cells; varying sequencing depth and replicatesReplication has a greater impact on reproducibility than sequencing depth. More replicates improve data qualityOffers guidance on balancing sequencing depth and biological replication in toxicogenomics experiments58
An ODE Model for endogenous H2O2 metabolism in hepatocytes: insights into oxidative stress, GSH depletion, and apoptosis dynamicsModelling endogenous H2O2 metabolism and its effects on oxidative stress and apoptosisDevelopment of an ODE model for H2O2 metabolism in hepatocytes; simulations using in vitro dataGSH depletion triggers significant H2O2 rise and apoptosis; model provides insights into oxidative stress dynamicsEnhances understanding of oxidative stress and apoptosis through H2O2 metabolism modelling59
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