Table 1 Open in new tab 3DE modalities:... | Oxford Academic

Table 1

Open in new tab

3DE modalities: benefits and limitations

3DE modality	Utility	Advantages	Limitations
3D TTE	Real-time comprehensive evaluation of cardiac chambers and valves	Non-invasive High patient tolerability Detailed anatomic information Large availability (bedside)	Poor acoustic window Operator dependency
3D TOE	Higher resolution imaging Better visualization of posterior cardiac chambers	Superior image quality Intraoperative and perioperative assessment of intracardiac structures Less dependent on acoustic window	Invasive procedure Associated procedural risks Limited availability Need for trained practitioners

3DE modality	Utility	Advantages	Limitations
3D TTE	Real-time comprehensive evaluation of cardiac chambers and valves	Non-invasive High patient tolerability Detailed anatomic information Large availability (bedside)	Poor acoustic window Operator dependency
3D TOE	Higher resolution imaging Better visualization of posterior cardiac chambers	Superior image quality Intraoperative and perioperative assessment of intracardiac structures Less dependent on acoustic window	Invasive procedure Associated procedural risks Limited availability Need for trained practitioners

TOE, transoesophageal echocardiography; TTE, transthoracic echocardiography.

Table 1

Open in new tab

3DE modalities: benefits and limitations

3DE modality	Utility	Advantages	Limitations
3D TTE	Real-time comprehensive evaluation of cardiac chambers and valves	Non-invasive High patient tolerability Detailed anatomic information Large availability (bedside)	Poor acoustic window Operator dependency
3D TOE	Higher resolution imaging Better visualization of posterior cardiac chambers	Superior image quality Intraoperative and perioperative assessment of intracardiac structures Less dependent on acoustic window	Invasive procedure Associated procedural risks Limited availability Need for trained practitioners

3DE modality	Utility	Advantages	Limitations
3D TTE	Real-time comprehensive evaluation of cardiac chambers and valves	Non-invasive High patient tolerability Detailed anatomic information Large availability (bedside)	Poor acoustic window Operator dependency
3D TOE	Higher resolution imaging Better visualization of posterior cardiac chambers	Superior image quality Intraoperative and perioperative assessment of intracardiac structures Less dependent on acoustic window	Invasive procedure Associated procedural risks Limited availability Need for trained practitioners

TOE, transoesophageal echocardiography; TTE, transthoracic echocardiography.