Table 3. Open in new tab Meta-regression...

	Observational studies and control groups from interventional studies	Observational studies and intervention groups from interventional studies
Benchmark groups (reference group)	−1.25^a	−1.39 to −1.1	<0.001	−1.01	−1.39 to −0.62	<0.001	−1.25^a	−1.39 to −1.1	<0.001	−1.07	−1.53 to −0.6	<0.001
Non-antibiotic	−0.14	−0.46 to +0.17	0.37	−0.15	−0.47 to +0.17	0.35	−0.28	−0.68 to +0.14	0.2	−0.22	−0.6 to +0.18	0.28
SDD and concurrent	−0.16	−0.48 to +0.15	0.3	−0.09	−0.47 to +0.29	0.64	−0.11	−0.55 to +0.34	0.63	+0.05	−0.44 to +0.53	0.85
SDD and non-concurrent	+0.06	−0.64 to +0.77	0.86	+0.11	−0.59 to +0.81	0.76
<90% MV^b				−0.31	−0.67 to +0.04	0.08				−0.16	−0.53 to +0.22	0.41
European ICU^c				+0.17	−0.13 to +0.48	0.25				+0.17	−0.13 to +0.49	0.28
Group size >75 patients				−0.01	−0.01 to +0.01	0.82				−0.01	−0.01 to +0.01	0.77
Mode of diagnosis^d				−0.18	−0.48 to +0.11	0.21				−0.11	−0.42 to +0.2	0.49
Proportion of trauma admissions^e				−0.78	−1.17 to −0.40	0.001				−0.79	−1.2 to −0.38	0.001
Year of publication^f				−0.01	−0.03 to +0.02	0.25				+0.01	−0.02 to +0.03	0.61

Observational studies and control groups from interventional studies

Observational studies and intervention groups from interventional studies

model 1

model 2

model 3

model 4

Factor

coefficient

95% CI

coefficient

95% CI

coefficient

95% CI

coefficient

95% CI

Benchmark groups (reference group)

−1.25^a

−1.39 to −1.1

<0.001

−1.01

−1.39 to −0.62

<0.001

−1.25^a

−1.39 to −1.1

<0.001

−1.07

−1.53 to −0.6

<0.001

Non-antibiotic

−0.14

−0.46 to +0.17

0.37

−0.15

−0.47 to +0.17

0.35

−0.28

−0.68 to +0.14

0.2

−0.22

−0.6 to +0.18

0.28

SDD and concurrent

−0.16

−0.48 to +0.15

0.3

−0.09

−0.47 to +0.29

0.64

−0.11

−0.55 to +0.34

0.63

+0.05

−0.44 to +0.53

0.85

SDD and non-concurrent

+0.06

−0.64 to +0.77

0.86

+0.11

−0.59 to +0.81

0.76

<90% MV^b

−0.31

−0.67 to +0.04

0.08

−0.16

−0.53 to +0.22

0.41

European ICU^c

+0.17

−0.13 to +0.48

0.25

+0.17

−0.13 to +0.49

0.28

Group size >75 patients

−0.01

−0.01 to +0.01

0.82

−0.01

−0.01 to +0.01

0.77

Mode of diagnosis^d

−0.18

−0.48 to +0.11

0.21

−0.11

−0.42 to +0.2

0.49

Proportion of trauma admissions^e

−0.78

−1.17 to −0.40

0.001

−0.79

−1.2 to −0.38

0.001

Year of publication^f

−0.01

−0.03 to +0.02

0.25

+0.01

−0.02 to +0.03

0.61

	Observational studies and control groups from interventional studies	Observational studies and intervention groups from interventional studies
Benchmark groups (reference group)	−1.25^a	−1.39 to −1.1	<0.001	−1.01	−1.39 to −0.62	<0.001	−1.25^a	−1.39 to −1.1	<0.001	−1.07	−1.53 to −0.6	<0.001
Non-antibiotic	−0.14	−0.46 to +0.17	0.37	−0.15	−0.47 to +0.17	0.35	−0.28	−0.68 to +0.14	0.2	−0.22	−0.6 to +0.18	0.28
SDD and concurrent	−0.16	−0.48 to +0.15	0.3	−0.09	−0.47 to +0.29	0.64	−0.11	−0.55 to +0.34	0.63	+0.05	−0.44 to +0.53	0.85
SDD and non-concurrent	+0.06	−0.64 to +0.77	0.86	+0.11	−0.59 to +0.81	0.76
<90% MV^b				−0.31	−0.67 to +0.04	0.08				−0.16	−0.53 to +0.22	0.41
European ICU^c				+0.17	−0.13 to +0.48	0.25				+0.17	−0.13 to +0.49	0.28
Group size >75 patients				−0.01	−0.01 to +0.01	0.82				−0.01	−0.01 to +0.01	0.77
Mode of diagnosis^d				−0.18	−0.48 to +0.11	0.21				−0.11	−0.42 to +0.2	0.49
Proportion of trauma admissions^e				−0.78	−1.17 to −0.40	0.001				−0.79	−1.2 to −0.38	0.001
Year of publication^f				−0.01	−0.03 to +0.02	0.25				+0.01	−0.02 to +0.03	0.61

Table 3.

Open in new tab

Meta-regression models: logit P. aeruginosa-IP

	Observational studies and control groups from interventional studies						Observational studies and intervention groups from interventional studies
	model 1			model 2			model 3			model 4
Factor	coefficient	95% CI	P	coefficient	95% CI	P	coefficient	95% CI	P	coefficient	95% CI	P
Benchmark groups (reference group)	−1.25^a	−1.39 to −1.1	<0.001	−1.01	−1.39 to −0.62	<0.001	−1.25^a	−1.39 to −1.1	<0.001	−1.07	−1.53 to −0.6	<0.001
Non-antibiotic	−0.14	−0.46 to +0.17	0.37	−0.15	−0.47 to +0.17	0.35	−0.28	−0.68 to +0.14	0.2	−0.22	−0.6 to +0.18	0.28
SDD and concurrent	−0.16	−0.48 to +0.15	0.3	−0.09	−0.47 to +0.29	0.64	−0.11	−0.55 to +0.34	0.63	+0.05	−0.44 to +0.53	0.85
SDD and non-concurrent	+0.06	−0.64 to +0.77	0.86	+0.11	−0.59 to +0.81	0.76
<90% MV^b				−0.31	−0.67 to +0.04	0.08				−0.16	−0.53 to +0.22	0.41
European ICU^c				+0.17	−0.13 to +0.48	0.25				+0.17	−0.13 to +0.49	0.28
Group size >75 patients				−0.01	−0.01 to +0.01	0.82				−0.01	−0.01 to +0.01	0.77
Mode of diagnosis^d				−0.18	−0.48 to +0.11	0.21				−0.11	−0.42 to +0.2	0.49
Proportion of trauma admissions^e				−0.78	−1.17 to −0.40	0.001				−0.79	−1.2 to −0.38	0.001
Year of publication^f				−0.01	−0.03 to +0.02	0.25				+0.01	−0.02 to +0.03	0.61

	Observational studies and control groups from interventional studies						Observational studies and intervention groups from interventional studies
	model 1			model 2			model 3			model 4
Factor	coefficient	95% CI	P	coefficient	95% CI	P	coefficient	95% CI	P	coefficient	95% CI	P
Benchmark groups (reference group)	−1.25^a	−1.39 to −1.1	<0.001	−1.01	−1.39 to −0.62	<0.001	−1.25^a	−1.39 to −1.1	<0.001	−1.07	−1.53 to −0.6	<0.001
Non-antibiotic	−0.14	−0.46 to +0.17	0.37	−0.15	−0.47 to +0.17	0.35	−0.28	−0.68 to +0.14	0.2	−0.22	−0.6 to +0.18	0.28
SDD and concurrent	−0.16	−0.48 to +0.15	0.3	−0.09	−0.47 to +0.29	0.64	−0.11	−0.55 to +0.34	0.63	+0.05	−0.44 to +0.53	0.85
SDD and non-concurrent	+0.06	−0.64 to +0.77	0.86	+0.11	−0.59 to +0.81	0.76
<90% MV^b				−0.31	−0.67 to +0.04	0.08				−0.16	−0.53 to +0.22	0.41
European ICU^c				+0.17	−0.13 to +0.48	0.25				+0.17	−0.13 to +0.49	0.28
Group size >75 patients				−0.01	−0.01 to +0.01	0.82				−0.01	−0.01 to +0.01	0.77
Mode of diagnosis^d				−0.18	−0.48 to +0.11	0.21				−0.11	−0.42 to +0.2	0.49
Proportion of trauma admissions^e				−0.78	−1.17 to −0.40	0.001				−0.79	−1.2 to −0.38	0.001
Year of publication^f				−0.01	−0.03 to +0.02	0.25				+0.01	−0.02 to +0.03	0.61

^aInterpretation. The observational study (benchmark) groups in each model form the reference group and the size of this coefficient equals the difference in logits from 0 (a logit equal to 0 equates to a proportion of 50%; a logit equal to −1.24 equates to a proportion of 22%). The other coefficients in each model represent the additional difference in logits for groups positive for that factor versus the reference group.

^bFor studies for which <90% of patients received >24 h of MV.

^cOriginating from a member state of the European Union as of 2010 or Switzerland or Norway.

^dDiagnosis of VAP using bronchoscopic versus tracheal-based sampling.

^ePer 100% of admissions for trauma.

^fPer year, with year of publication centred at 1995 = 0.

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