Demographics, radiation burden, and adherence to best practices by world region
| . | Africa . | Asia . | Europe . | Latin America . | North America . | Oceania . | Total . | P-Value . |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Countries | 6 | 18 | 27 | 10 | 2 | 2 | 65 | n/a |
| Laboratories | 12 | 69 | 102 | 36 | 55 | 34 | 308 | n/a |
| Patients/lab, mean (SD) | 29.0 (23.7) | 21.3 (23.9) | 23.3 (32.8) | 31.6 (37.7) | 38.9 (38.8) | 12.9 (9.8) | 25.7 (31.6) | 0.002 |
| Patients/lab, median (IQR) | 19 (10–48) | 15 (6–29) | 15 (8–28) | 12 (8–42) | 31 (14–46) | 9.5 (6–17) | 16 (8–33) | <0.001 |
| Average ED (mSv), mean (SD) | 9.3 (3.9) | 11.7 (4.1) | 8.7 (3.1) | 13.0 (2.8) | 12.0 (3.6) | 10.3 (2.4) | 10.7 (3.7) | <0.001 |
| Average ED (mSv), median | 9.4 | 11.4 | 8.8 | 12.8 | 12.1 | 11.4 | 10.9 | <0.001 |
| Average ED (mSv), IQR | 6.3–13.6 | 9.7–13.0 | 6.3–10.8 | 11.3–14.9 | 9.5–13.3 | 9.4–11.7 | 8.4–12.9 | n/a |
| Average ED (mSv), range | 3.5–15.2 | 2.2–21.5 | 3.1–18.0 | 7.8–18.6 | 3.7–24.4 | 3.1–14.3 | 2.2–24.4 | n/a |
| Number with median ED ≤9 mSv | 5 (42%) | 12 (17%) | 52 (51%) | 4 (11%) | 11 (20%) | 7 (21%) | 91 (30%) | <0.001 |
| QI score, mean (SD) | 6.3 (1.2) | 5.0 (1.1) | 6.2 (1.2) | 4.9 (1.0) | 4.7 (1.2) | 5.5 (0.7) | 5.4 (1.3) | 0.02 |
| QI score, median (IQR) | 6.5 (5.5–7) | 5 (4–6) | 6 (5–7) | 5 (4–5) | 5 (4–6) | 6 (5–6) | 5 (5–6) | <0.001 |
| QI score | ||||||||
| 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 (3%) | 1 (2%) | 0 | 2 (1%) | |
| 3 | 0 | 4 (6%) | 0 | 0 | 11 (20%) | 0 | 15 (5%) | |
| 4 | 1 (8%) | 18 (26%) | 10 (10%) | 12 (33%) | 12 (22%) | 3 (9%) | 56 (18%) | |
| 5 | 2 (17%) | 29 (42%) | 20 (20%) | 15 (42%) | 14 (25%) | 13 (38%) | 93 (30%) | |
| 6 | 3 (25%) | 12 (17%) | 28 (27%) | 6 (17%) | 16 (29%) | 17 (50%) | 82 (27%) | |
| 7 | 4 (33%) | 3 (4%) | 27 (26%) | 2 (5%) | 1 (2%) | 1 (3%) | 38 (12%) | |
| 8 | 2 (17%) | 3 (4%) | 17 (17%) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 22 (7%) | |
| Number with ≥6 best practices | 9 (75%) | 18 (25%) | 72 (71%) | 8 (22%) | 17 (31%) | 18 (53%) | 142 (46%) | <0.001 |
| Patients | 348 | 1469 | 2381 | 1139 | 2135 | 439 | 7911 | n/a |
| Female | 135 (39%) | 559 (38%) | 949 (40%) | 492 (43%) | 921 (43%) | 198 (45%) | 3254 (41%) | 0.005 |
| Age, mean (SD) | 60.2 (11.0) | 61.8 (12.5) | 65.3 (11.1) | 62.4 (11.5) | 65.8 (12.3) | 65.4 (12.6) | 64.1 (12.0) | <0.001 |
| Weight (kg), mean (SD) | 81.2 (15.8) | 71.6 (15.7) | 80.0 (16.7) | 77.8 (16.0) | 87.2 (21.5) | 83.0 (20.1) | 80.2 (18.7) | <0.001 |
| ED (mSv), mean (SD) | 9.7 (5.5) | 11.4 (4.8) | 7.9 (3.5) | 11.8 (4.1) | 10.5 (4.5) | 9.3 (3.7) | 10.0 (4.5) | <0.001 |
| ED (mSv), median | 9.1 | 11.4 | 8.0 | 12.1 | 11.4 | 10.1 | 10.2 | <0.001 |
| ED (mSv), IQR | 5.1–15.6 | 9.2–13.5 | 5.1–10.1 | 8.4–14.6 | 8.0–12.9 | 6.5–11.7 | 6.7–12.7 | n/a |
| ED (mSv), range | 1.8–20.0 | 1.0–35.6 | 0.8–25.9 | 2.2–27.1 | 0.9–28.1 | 0.9–17.9 | 0.8–35.6 | n/a |
| Number with ED ≤9 mSv | 173 (50%) | 358 (24%) | 1420 (60%) | 304 (27%) | 649 (30%) | 161 (37%) | 3065 (39%) | <0.001 |
| Stress-only tests | 109 (31%) | 272 (19%) | 461 (19%) | 54 (4.7%) | 54 (2.5%) | 55 (13%) | 1005 (13%) | <0.001 |
| . | Africa . | Asia . | Europe . | Latin America . | North America . | Oceania . | Total . | P-Value . |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Countries | 6 | 18 | 27 | 10 | 2 | 2 | 65 | n/a |
| Laboratories | 12 | 69 | 102 | 36 | 55 | 34 | 308 | n/a |
| Patients/lab, mean (SD) | 29.0 (23.7) | 21.3 (23.9) | 23.3 (32.8) | 31.6 (37.7) | 38.9 (38.8) | 12.9 (9.8) | 25.7 (31.6) | 0.002 |
| Patients/lab, median (IQR) | 19 (10–48) | 15 (6–29) | 15 (8–28) | 12 (8–42) | 31 (14–46) | 9.5 (6–17) | 16 (8–33) | <0.001 |
| Average ED (mSv), mean (SD) | 9.3 (3.9) | 11.7 (4.1) | 8.7 (3.1) | 13.0 (2.8) | 12.0 (3.6) | 10.3 (2.4) | 10.7 (3.7) | <0.001 |
| Average ED (mSv), median | 9.4 | 11.4 | 8.8 | 12.8 | 12.1 | 11.4 | 10.9 | <0.001 |
| Average ED (mSv), IQR | 6.3–13.6 | 9.7–13.0 | 6.3–10.8 | 11.3–14.9 | 9.5–13.3 | 9.4–11.7 | 8.4–12.9 | n/a |
| Average ED (mSv), range | 3.5–15.2 | 2.2–21.5 | 3.1–18.0 | 7.8–18.6 | 3.7–24.4 | 3.1–14.3 | 2.2–24.4 | n/a |
| Number with median ED ≤9 mSv | 5 (42%) | 12 (17%) | 52 (51%) | 4 (11%) | 11 (20%) | 7 (21%) | 91 (30%) | <0.001 |
| QI score, mean (SD) | 6.3 (1.2) | 5.0 (1.1) | 6.2 (1.2) | 4.9 (1.0) | 4.7 (1.2) | 5.5 (0.7) | 5.4 (1.3) | 0.02 |
| QI score, median (IQR) | 6.5 (5.5–7) | 5 (4–6) | 6 (5–7) | 5 (4–5) | 5 (4–6) | 6 (5–6) | 5 (5–6) | <0.001 |
| QI score | ||||||||
| 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 (3%) | 1 (2%) | 0 | 2 (1%) | |
| 3 | 0 | 4 (6%) | 0 | 0 | 11 (20%) | 0 | 15 (5%) | |
| 4 | 1 (8%) | 18 (26%) | 10 (10%) | 12 (33%) | 12 (22%) | 3 (9%) | 56 (18%) | |
| 5 | 2 (17%) | 29 (42%) | 20 (20%) | 15 (42%) | 14 (25%) | 13 (38%) | 93 (30%) | |
| 6 | 3 (25%) | 12 (17%) | 28 (27%) | 6 (17%) | 16 (29%) | 17 (50%) | 82 (27%) | |
| 7 | 4 (33%) | 3 (4%) | 27 (26%) | 2 (5%) | 1 (2%) | 1 (3%) | 38 (12%) | |
| 8 | 2 (17%) | 3 (4%) | 17 (17%) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 22 (7%) | |
| Number with ≥6 best practices | 9 (75%) | 18 (25%) | 72 (71%) | 8 (22%) | 17 (31%) | 18 (53%) | 142 (46%) | <0.001 |
| Patients | 348 | 1469 | 2381 | 1139 | 2135 | 439 | 7911 | n/a |
| Female | 135 (39%) | 559 (38%) | 949 (40%) | 492 (43%) | 921 (43%) | 198 (45%) | 3254 (41%) | 0.005 |
| Age, mean (SD) | 60.2 (11.0) | 61.8 (12.5) | 65.3 (11.1) | 62.4 (11.5) | 65.8 (12.3) | 65.4 (12.6) | 64.1 (12.0) | <0.001 |
| Weight (kg), mean (SD) | 81.2 (15.8) | 71.6 (15.7) | 80.0 (16.7) | 77.8 (16.0) | 87.2 (21.5) | 83.0 (20.1) | 80.2 (18.7) | <0.001 |
| ED (mSv), mean (SD) | 9.7 (5.5) | 11.4 (4.8) | 7.9 (3.5) | 11.8 (4.1) | 10.5 (4.5) | 9.3 (3.7) | 10.0 (4.5) | <0.001 |
| ED (mSv), median | 9.1 | 11.4 | 8.0 | 12.1 | 11.4 | 10.1 | 10.2 | <0.001 |
| ED (mSv), IQR | 5.1–15.6 | 9.2–13.5 | 5.1–10.1 | 8.4–14.6 | 8.0–12.9 | 6.5–11.7 | 6.7–12.7 | n/a |
| ED (mSv), range | 1.8–20.0 | 1.0–35.6 | 0.8–25.9 | 2.2–27.1 | 0.9–28.1 | 0.9–17.9 | 0.8–35.6 | n/a |
| Number with ED ≤9 mSv | 173 (50%) | 358 (24%) | 1420 (60%) | 304 (27%) | 649 (30%) | 161 (37%) | 3065 (39%) | <0.001 |
| Stress-only tests | 109 (31%) | 272 (19%) | 461 (19%) | 54 (4.7%) | 54 (2.5%) | 55 (13%) | 1005 (13%) | <0.001 |
Quality index (QI) is the number of best practices adhered to by a laboratory. Mean and median QI values are based on laboratory scores in each region. Effective dose (ED) mean and median estimates are based on patient estimates in each region.
NC, nuclear cardiology; SD, standard deviation; IQR, interquartile range.
Demographics, radiation burden, and adherence to best practices by world region
| . | Africa . | Asia . | Europe . | Latin America . | North America . | Oceania . | Total . | P-Value . |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Countries | 6 | 18 | 27 | 10 | 2 | 2 | 65 | n/a |
| Laboratories | 12 | 69 | 102 | 36 | 55 | 34 | 308 | n/a |
| Patients/lab, mean (SD) | 29.0 (23.7) | 21.3 (23.9) | 23.3 (32.8) | 31.6 (37.7) | 38.9 (38.8) | 12.9 (9.8) | 25.7 (31.6) | 0.002 |
| Patients/lab, median (IQR) | 19 (10–48) | 15 (6–29) | 15 (8–28) | 12 (8–42) | 31 (14–46) | 9.5 (6–17) | 16 (8–33) | <0.001 |
| Average ED (mSv), mean (SD) | 9.3 (3.9) | 11.7 (4.1) | 8.7 (3.1) | 13.0 (2.8) | 12.0 (3.6) | 10.3 (2.4) | 10.7 (3.7) | <0.001 |
| Average ED (mSv), median | 9.4 | 11.4 | 8.8 | 12.8 | 12.1 | 11.4 | 10.9 | <0.001 |
| Average ED (mSv), IQR | 6.3–13.6 | 9.7–13.0 | 6.3–10.8 | 11.3–14.9 | 9.5–13.3 | 9.4–11.7 | 8.4–12.9 | n/a |
| Average ED (mSv), range | 3.5–15.2 | 2.2–21.5 | 3.1–18.0 | 7.8–18.6 | 3.7–24.4 | 3.1–14.3 | 2.2–24.4 | n/a |
| Number with median ED ≤9 mSv | 5 (42%) | 12 (17%) | 52 (51%) | 4 (11%) | 11 (20%) | 7 (21%) | 91 (30%) | <0.001 |
| QI score, mean (SD) | 6.3 (1.2) | 5.0 (1.1) | 6.2 (1.2) | 4.9 (1.0) | 4.7 (1.2) | 5.5 (0.7) | 5.4 (1.3) | 0.02 |
| QI score, median (IQR) | 6.5 (5.5–7) | 5 (4–6) | 6 (5–7) | 5 (4–5) | 5 (4–6) | 6 (5–6) | 5 (5–6) | <0.001 |
| QI score | ||||||||
| 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 (3%) | 1 (2%) | 0 | 2 (1%) | |
| 3 | 0 | 4 (6%) | 0 | 0 | 11 (20%) | 0 | 15 (5%) | |
| 4 | 1 (8%) | 18 (26%) | 10 (10%) | 12 (33%) | 12 (22%) | 3 (9%) | 56 (18%) | |
| 5 | 2 (17%) | 29 (42%) | 20 (20%) | 15 (42%) | 14 (25%) | 13 (38%) | 93 (30%) | |
| 6 | 3 (25%) | 12 (17%) | 28 (27%) | 6 (17%) | 16 (29%) | 17 (50%) | 82 (27%) | |
| 7 | 4 (33%) | 3 (4%) | 27 (26%) | 2 (5%) | 1 (2%) | 1 (3%) | 38 (12%) | |
| 8 | 2 (17%) | 3 (4%) | 17 (17%) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 22 (7%) | |
| Number with ≥6 best practices | 9 (75%) | 18 (25%) | 72 (71%) | 8 (22%) | 17 (31%) | 18 (53%) | 142 (46%) | <0.001 |
| Patients | 348 | 1469 | 2381 | 1139 | 2135 | 439 | 7911 | n/a |
| Female | 135 (39%) | 559 (38%) | 949 (40%) | 492 (43%) | 921 (43%) | 198 (45%) | 3254 (41%) | 0.005 |
| Age, mean (SD) | 60.2 (11.0) | 61.8 (12.5) | 65.3 (11.1) | 62.4 (11.5) | 65.8 (12.3) | 65.4 (12.6) | 64.1 (12.0) | <0.001 |
| Weight (kg), mean (SD) | 81.2 (15.8) | 71.6 (15.7) | 80.0 (16.7) | 77.8 (16.0) | 87.2 (21.5) | 83.0 (20.1) | 80.2 (18.7) | <0.001 |
| ED (mSv), mean (SD) | 9.7 (5.5) | 11.4 (4.8) | 7.9 (3.5) | 11.8 (4.1) | 10.5 (4.5) | 9.3 (3.7) | 10.0 (4.5) | <0.001 |
| ED (mSv), median | 9.1 | 11.4 | 8.0 | 12.1 | 11.4 | 10.1 | 10.2 | <0.001 |
| ED (mSv), IQR | 5.1–15.6 | 9.2–13.5 | 5.1–10.1 | 8.4–14.6 | 8.0–12.9 | 6.5–11.7 | 6.7–12.7 | n/a |
| ED (mSv), range | 1.8–20.0 | 1.0–35.6 | 0.8–25.9 | 2.2–27.1 | 0.9–28.1 | 0.9–17.9 | 0.8–35.6 | n/a |
| Number with ED ≤9 mSv | 173 (50%) | 358 (24%) | 1420 (60%) | 304 (27%) | 649 (30%) | 161 (37%) | 3065 (39%) | <0.001 |
| Stress-only tests | 109 (31%) | 272 (19%) | 461 (19%) | 54 (4.7%) | 54 (2.5%) | 55 (13%) | 1005 (13%) | <0.001 |
| . | Africa . | Asia . | Europe . | Latin America . | North America . | Oceania . | Total . | P-Value . |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Countries | 6 | 18 | 27 | 10 | 2 | 2 | 65 | n/a |
| Laboratories | 12 | 69 | 102 | 36 | 55 | 34 | 308 | n/a |
| Patients/lab, mean (SD) | 29.0 (23.7) | 21.3 (23.9) | 23.3 (32.8) | 31.6 (37.7) | 38.9 (38.8) | 12.9 (9.8) | 25.7 (31.6) | 0.002 |
| Patients/lab, median (IQR) | 19 (10–48) | 15 (6–29) | 15 (8–28) | 12 (8–42) | 31 (14–46) | 9.5 (6–17) | 16 (8–33) | <0.001 |
| Average ED (mSv), mean (SD) | 9.3 (3.9) | 11.7 (4.1) | 8.7 (3.1) | 13.0 (2.8) | 12.0 (3.6) | 10.3 (2.4) | 10.7 (3.7) | <0.001 |
| Average ED (mSv), median | 9.4 | 11.4 | 8.8 | 12.8 | 12.1 | 11.4 | 10.9 | <0.001 |
| Average ED (mSv), IQR | 6.3–13.6 | 9.7–13.0 | 6.3–10.8 | 11.3–14.9 | 9.5–13.3 | 9.4–11.7 | 8.4–12.9 | n/a |
| Average ED (mSv), range | 3.5–15.2 | 2.2–21.5 | 3.1–18.0 | 7.8–18.6 | 3.7–24.4 | 3.1–14.3 | 2.2–24.4 | n/a |
| Number with median ED ≤9 mSv | 5 (42%) | 12 (17%) | 52 (51%) | 4 (11%) | 11 (20%) | 7 (21%) | 91 (30%) | <0.001 |
| QI score, mean (SD) | 6.3 (1.2) | 5.0 (1.1) | 6.2 (1.2) | 4.9 (1.0) | 4.7 (1.2) | 5.5 (0.7) | 5.4 (1.3) | 0.02 |
| QI score, median (IQR) | 6.5 (5.5–7) | 5 (4–6) | 6 (5–7) | 5 (4–5) | 5 (4–6) | 6 (5–6) | 5 (5–6) | <0.001 |
| QI score | ||||||||
| 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 (3%) | 1 (2%) | 0 | 2 (1%) | |
| 3 | 0 | 4 (6%) | 0 | 0 | 11 (20%) | 0 | 15 (5%) | |
| 4 | 1 (8%) | 18 (26%) | 10 (10%) | 12 (33%) | 12 (22%) | 3 (9%) | 56 (18%) | |
| 5 | 2 (17%) | 29 (42%) | 20 (20%) | 15 (42%) | 14 (25%) | 13 (38%) | 93 (30%) | |
| 6 | 3 (25%) | 12 (17%) | 28 (27%) | 6 (17%) | 16 (29%) | 17 (50%) | 82 (27%) | |
| 7 | 4 (33%) | 3 (4%) | 27 (26%) | 2 (5%) | 1 (2%) | 1 (3%) | 38 (12%) | |
| 8 | 2 (17%) | 3 (4%) | 17 (17%) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 22 (7%) | |
| Number with ≥6 best practices | 9 (75%) | 18 (25%) | 72 (71%) | 8 (22%) | 17 (31%) | 18 (53%) | 142 (46%) | <0.001 |
| Patients | 348 | 1469 | 2381 | 1139 | 2135 | 439 | 7911 | n/a |
| Female | 135 (39%) | 559 (38%) | 949 (40%) | 492 (43%) | 921 (43%) | 198 (45%) | 3254 (41%) | 0.005 |
| Age, mean (SD) | 60.2 (11.0) | 61.8 (12.5) | 65.3 (11.1) | 62.4 (11.5) | 65.8 (12.3) | 65.4 (12.6) | 64.1 (12.0) | <0.001 |
| Weight (kg), mean (SD) | 81.2 (15.8) | 71.6 (15.7) | 80.0 (16.7) | 77.8 (16.0) | 87.2 (21.5) | 83.0 (20.1) | 80.2 (18.7) | <0.001 |
| ED (mSv), mean (SD) | 9.7 (5.5) | 11.4 (4.8) | 7.9 (3.5) | 11.8 (4.1) | 10.5 (4.5) | 9.3 (3.7) | 10.0 (4.5) | <0.001 |
| ED (mSv), median | 9.1 | 11.4 | 8.0 | 12.1 | 11.4 | 10.1 | 10.2 | <0.001 |
| ED (mSv), IQR | 5.1–15.6 | 9.2–13.5 | 5.1–10.1 | 8.4–14.6 | 8.0–12.9 | 6.5–11.7 | 6.7–12.7 | n/a |
| ED (mSv), range | 1.8–20.0 | 1.0–35.6 | 0.8–25.9 | 2.2–27.1 | 0.9–28.1 | 0.9–17.9 | 0.8–35.6 | n/a |
| Number with ED ≤9 mSv | 173 (50%) | 358 (24%) | 1420 (60%) | 304 (27%) | 649 (30%) | 161 (37%) | 3065 (39%) | <0.001 |
| Stress-only tests | 109 (31%) | 272 (19%) | 461 (19%) | 54 (4.7%) | 54 (2.5%) | 55 (13%) | 1005 (13%) | <0.001 |
Quality index (QI) is the number of best practices adhered to by a laboratory. Mean and median QI values are based on laboratory scores in each region. Effective dose (ED) mean and median estimates are based on patient estimates in each region.
NC, nuclear cardiology; SD, standard deviation; IQR, interquartile range.
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