A: Rat serum leptin in offspring of control mothers (open bars) and obese mothers (closed bars); and B: adipose leptin mRNA expression in abdominal fat. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, and ***P < 0.01 versus offspring of control dams for the same period (n = 3–6). For longitudinal comparisons, a significant difference (P < 0.05) from the preceding period.C: Circulating plasma leptin levels (mean ± SEM) from birth until postnatal day 11 in lambs from obese mothers (closed circles; n = 6) and control mothers (open circles; n = 6). Plasma leptin *P < 0.01 control vs obese lambs at the same timepoint. Figures 2A and 2B reproduced from Kirk et al.²⁹ with permission; Figure 2C reproduced from Long et al.⁵³ with permission.