Mechanism of action of aldosterone in epithelial cells. Aldosterone binds to mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) and leads to alteration in gene transcription by binding to hormone responsive elements (HRE) in relevant genes. ENaC, epithelial sodium channel; SKG, serine–threonine kinase; CHIF,; 11β-HSD2, 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase.