Prevalence of (lifetime) use of anabolic–androgenic steroids in serial cross-sectional surveys by confidential self-report of US high school children in years 8, 10 and 12 from 1991 to 2007. Plots pool both male and female students, but rates of use are 2–4 times higher in boys than girls. Data is adapted from the Monitoring the Future Survey, a long-term series of cross-sectional surveys of drug abuse (7).