Selected neurohormones in the SOLVD treatment programme. “Prevention” patients had asymptomatic left ventricular systolic dysfunction whereas those in the “treatment” trial had heart failure. ANP, atrial natriuretic peptide; AVP, arginine vasopressin. The median and interquartile ranges are shown. Data from Francis GS, Benedict C, Johnstone DE, et al. Comparison of neuroendocrine activation in patients with left ventricular dysfunction with and without congestive heart failure. A substudy of the Studies of Left Ventricular Dysfunction (SOLVD). Circulation 1990;82:1724–9.