Early illustrations of spasmodic torticollis. 1. A woman with spasmodic torticollis reported by Redard in 1898. 2. A drawing from W.R. Gowers ‘A Manual of Diseases of the Nervous System’ (1893) showing rotation of the head to the right associated with strong adduction of the right arm. It had come on gradually 2 years earlier in a 46-year-old man. Although Gowers used this as an example of spasmodic torticollis, and omitted to mention the armed posture, it seems likely that this is really an early example of segmental dystonia.