S100B KO mice present a reduced CNS inflammation in the in vivo model of chronic multiple sclerosis and in the ex vivo demyelinating model. Thirty days post-EAE induction, mice were sacrificed, and the spinal cords were collected. Representative images of spinal cord sections immunostained for microglia (Iba1) and for astrocytes (GFAP) for (A) EAE WT and for (B) EAE KO mice. Scale bar: 200 µm for slices and 50 µm for insets. Magnification: 20× and 40× for insets. Graph bars represent the percentage of area stained for (C) astrocytes (GFAP), (D) microglia/macrophages (Iba1), (E) iNOS and (F) CX3CR1 in the total slice of S100B WT and S100B KO groups. (G) Organotypic cerebellar slice cultures were exposed to LPC for 18 h and allowed to recover for additional 30 h, being evaluated at 48 h post-LPC incubation. Representative images of cerebellum sections immunostained for (H) microglia (Iba1) and for (I) astrocytes (GFAP). Scale bar: 50 µm. (J) Graph bars represent relative TNFα, IL-1β and IL-10 mRNA expression levels determined by qReal-Time PCR. Results were normalized to β-actin. One-way ANOVA with Tukey post-test was used to determined statistical differences (*P < 0.05, **P < 0.01 and ***P < 0.001 versus S100B WT CTRL; ^#P < 0.05 versus respective S100B WT LPC). (C–F) n = 3 animals per group; (I): n = 3–6 animals for S100B WT and S100B KO.