Targets for DBS in epilepsy. 3D representation of anatomical seeds of DBS targets used for the treatment of epilepsy is shown on sagittal and axial 7-Tesla T1 MRI slices of the human brain (100 μm resolution in MNI152 space). Mean seizure reduction that was calculated from our systematic literature review is shown for ANT – 60%, CMT – 69%, and HC – 65%. Based on our systematic review, higher quality of evidence exists for the use of ANT-DBS in DRE. Other DBS targets that belong to known cortico-subcortical circuits are visualized on the figure.