Measure the ESM. a) Street-level ESM is calculated based on the time spent by each income group at each street segment. Basemap is exported from Google Earth. b) Distribution of daily ESM of Boston. Only street segments with at least 1 POI within the 100-m buffer area are visualized on the map. c) Regional map visualizing the ESM around Boston metropolitan area. d) Distribution of the ESM by metropolitan area. e) Distribution of log-transformed visitor counts during the study period by metropolitan area. Basemaps are from QGIS HCMGIS plugin.