Morphological description of W. australiana. A) Top view of a W. australiana plantlet, as seen under a dissecting microscope; a branch is protruding to the right. B) Side view of a W. australiana plantlet, showing a boat-shaped leaf with dark green cells at the “deck” and light green cells at the “hull.” C) Top view of a W. australiana plantlet by cryo-SEM; note the presence of stomata. D) Side view of a W. australiana plantlet by cryo-SEM; no stomata were observed. E) View from the hole from which branches abscise out, showing the remaining petiole (arrowhead). A scar (arrow) forms on the boat-shaped leaf and indicates prior branch abscission. F) Top view of a W. australiana plantlet under a dissecting microscope, showing the stigma and stamen (arrowheads) protruding from the crack on the “deck.” G) Top view of the crack region of a W. australiana plantlet, as seen by cryo-SEM, showing a stigma (right, arrowhead) and a stamen (left, arrowhead). H) After peeling the deck, three young leaves (the biggest one has developed into a branch) are aligned sequentially, as indicated by three arrowheads. I) CT image showing the alignment of leaves (arrowheads) and how the biggest leaf has developed into a branch before abscission (the rectangle shows new leaves produced from the biggest leaf). J) TEM section of the leaf primordia and the region including the growth tip (rectangle with arrowhead). K) Zoomed-in region indicated by the solid rectangle shown in J). The circle highlights the cells with big nuclei and dense cytoplasm, possible including the growth tip cell(s). L) Zoomed-in region indicated by the dashed rectangle in J) with adjusted orientation. The dotted line indicates the border of the fast-growing region of the primordium leaf that overlaps with the slow-growing region. The circle indicates the junction where a growth tip of the primordium leaf might initiate de novo, which allows a primordium leaf to become a new branch. M) TEM section of the growth region of the branch (prepared with the CT sample, corresponding to the corresponding rectangle in Fig. 1I. N) CT image showing a region of the growth tip of a plantlet under flower induction conditions. The rectangle highlights the growth region for further observation. O) TEM section of the growth region (prepared with the CT sample, corresponding to the corresponding rectangle in Fig. 1N. Two bumps (arrowheads) arise from the innermost region of the cavity. P) Further enlargement of the region highlighted in Fig. 1O. Arrowheads indicate cells in the bumps that are morphologically different from those shown in Fig. 1K. Q) CT image showing a gynoecium (right) and a stamen (left) inside the plantlet, possibly derived from the two bumps observed in Fig. 1P. Bars = 100 μm (A–G, I, N, Q) and 10 μm (H, J–P).