Predicted Redemption Levels by Baseline Stigma.

Source: Authors’ calculations.

Note: The figures show the predicted redemption across subgroups when stigma is defined as (a) being kept in a shed in figure 3(a); (b) did not self-purchase sanitary pads during the last menstrual cycle in figure 3(b); (c) using an index from available stigma measures in figure 3(c). All use the baseline information. In figure 3(c), high stigma is categorized from the index constructed using the sum of the following indicator variables: (a) kept in a shed; (b) not permitted in the kitchen; (c) not permitted in holy places; (d) considered untouchable during menstruation; and (e) did not purchase a pad during the last cycle. The high stigma category represents an index value greater than 2, which yields 348 and 228 individuals in the high and low stigma categories in panel 3(c), respectively. “H psy.” and “L psy.” in the figure legend refer to high- and low-psychological-cost groups, respectively. The coefficients from table 9, columns (2), (6), and (8) are used for prediction for figs 3(a), 3(b), and 3(c), respectively. The average values of predicted probability for each subgroup are taken to depict the proportion of predicted redemption. The discount levels of 90 percent and 75 percent represent a high discount; 50 percent is a mid-level discount; 10 percent and 25 percent pertain to the low discount category.