Real wages in New Castile and Madrid. Reher and Ballesteros versus the new indices (25-year centred moving averages; 1690–1699 = 100). Notes: the real wage index for Madrid in this paper is the average of unskilled and skilled building workers’ welfare ratios as in Allen (2001), sources: Reher and Ballesteros (1993); Online Appendix and dataset for this paper.