Biophysics-coupled multiscale model (BCMSM) simulations of the engulfment of RBCs under different flow conditions. A) Representative biophysical model simulations of the interaction between RBCs and macrophages under low and high flow (the snapshots show RBCs interacting with macrophages with adhesive and activated area). B) Biophysical model prediction of the contact area between macrophages and RBCs with three different rigidities under different flow velocities. C) Model prediction of the effect of contact area on engulfment of RBCs with different rigidities. D) Simulations of the engulfment of (i) healthy and rigid RBCs and (ii) sickle RBCs under different flow and contact area conditions.