Influence of exercise and lactate infusion of plasma and muscle BDNF. Plasma levels of (A) lactate, (B) β-hydroxybutarate, (C) mBDNF, and (D) pro-BDNF in samples from project 1. Plasma samples were taken before, during and after exercise performed with infusion of sodium lactate (Lactate) or saline (control). (E) Muscle mRNA expression of BDNF and (F) protein expression of BDNF (pg mg⁻¹ dry muscle) in muscle samples taken at rest (Pre) and 90 min, 180 min and 24 h after exercise in project 1. Blue symbols represent exercise with Saline infusion and red symbols represent Lactate infusion. Values presented are means ± SEM for n = 16. The *P < 0.05 vs. rest (Pre); # P < 0.05 vs. Saline.