Activities and relationships between selected iModulons grouped by their relevant functions. The bar plots (A–D; F; H; J–K) showing iModulon activities of all strains under scale-down and control conditions. Phase portraits comparing the activities of iModulon pairs FlhDC-1 and FlhDC-2 (E), Fur-1 and Fur-2 (G), and GadXW and rcsB KO (I), where the gray data points indicate the iModulon activities of all samples in PRECISE-1K.