An example of inferring a t_s value (α = 0.15, t_shift = 900 s, t_sDefault = 1500 s, and data bits = 0010000000000) for the scenario in Fig. 4b. A_i values are scaled to [0–1000] s to standardize comparisons for different simulation durations. The figure is annotated with t_B (when B_i/A_i is maximum), t_A (when A_i is maximum), and t_R values. The B_i/A_i ratio approaches the native state’s B_i/A_i ratio at the t_R time point when t>t_A and t>t_B. The inferred and scaled t_s for the bit-1 symbol is shown using the red line, excluding the initial warm-up period for the first two bit-0 symbols. This inferred value is then multiplied by ∆t (t_sDefault * length_bits/1000) to calculate the unscaled and optimum t_s value.