Hypoxanthine (HX) elicited changes in bladder and urethral function. HX (A) increased voiding frequency and (B) decreased the intervoid interval (n = 10 each). External urethral sphincter (EUS) electromyography (EMG) activity was recorded and showed that HX decreased both EMG burst (E) amplitude (n = 6 each) and (F) frequency (time between bursts; n = 10 each). Shown are representative traces depicting (C) bladder voiding function, (D) the leak point pressure at 50% of bladder capacity (BC) (the lowest pressure at which urinary leakage occurs in the absence of a detrusor contraction), and (G) EUS recording from control and HX-treated rats. Data are presented as mean ± SD. Ordinary 1-way analysis of variance was used to evaluate significance; *p < .05; **p < .01, ****p < .0001. BP = baseline pressure.