Main imaging modalities for assessment of adipose tissue. Upper part: Comparison of different imaging modalities for assessment of adipose tissue. Lower part: Distribution of adipose tissue around the heart. Axial view of the chest in computed tomography, showing subcutaneous, visceral abdominal, thoracic (including the pericardial and epicardial) adipose tissue. Perivascular adipose tissue is defined as the adipose tissue lying within a radial distance from the outer vessel wall equal to the vessel diameter (or at a maximum distance of 2 cm in the case of large vessels with diameter >2 cm, like the aorta). 3D, three-dimensional; CT, computed tomography; EAT, epicardial adipose tissue; PAT, pericardial adipose tissue; PVAT, perivascular adipose tissue; FAI, fat attenuation index; IMA, internal mammary artery; AT, adipose tissue; SUV, standardized uptake value; TBR, target-to-blood pool ratio. Modified from Antoniades et al.⁴⁴