Volcano plots of the Mendelian randomization results from the discovery analysis, displaying the associations between 2794 proteins and the risk of inflammatory skin diseases. This figure highlights the Mendelian randomization results, where plasma protein levels (derived from proteomic studies) were used as exposure variables and inflammatory skin disease risk (from GWAS datasets) served as the outcome variables. The increased OR for disease risk is represented by increments in the standard deviation of plasma protein levels. Highlighted dots indicate significant proteins meeting the significance threshold (FDR < 0.05), while smaller grey dots represent proteins not meeting the significance threshold. “Ln” refers to the natural logarithm; “PVE” stands for the proportion of variance explained. The panels represent the diseases: (A) acne; (B) atopic dermatitis; (C) systemic lupus erythematosus; (D) psoriasis; (E) rosacea; (F) urticaria