Unadjusted and adjusted hazard ratios (95% CIs) for clinical events in patients who were in the OAC recommended and high bleeding risk groups stratified by (A) 60 mg recommended vs. 30 mg nonrecommended and (B) 60 mg nonrecommended vs. 30 mg recommended dose subgroups. These subgroups were based on the 2020 ESC-AF guidelines. OAC was recommended if CHA₂DS₂-VASc ≥ 2 (male) or ≥ 3 (female). Bleeding risk was considered high if modified HAS-BLED ≥ 3. Net clinical outcome is defined as a composite of stoke (ischaemic or haemorrhagic), SEE, major bleeding (ISTH), or death. Baseline variables included in the adjusted HRs were dose reduction criteria (i.e., CrCl, weight, and use of P-glycoprotein inhibitors), age, prior ischaemic stroke, and prior major bleeding. Net clinical outcome is defined as a composite of stoke (ischaemic or haemorrhagic), SEE, major bleeding (ISTH), or death. AF, atrial fibrillation; CHA₂DS₂-VASc, Congestive heart failure, Hypertension, Age ≥ 75 (doubled), Diabetes, Stroke (doubled), Vascular disease, Age 65–74, and Sex category (female); CI, confidence interval; CrCl, creatinine clearance; ESC, European Society of Cardiology; ISTH, International Society on Thrombosis and Haemostasis; modified HAS-BLED, Hypertension, Abnormal renal/liver function, Stroke, Bleeding history or predisposition, Elderly, Drugs/alcohol concomitantly; nonrec, nonrecommended; OAC, oral anticoagulant; rec, recommended; SEE, systemic embolism event.