The distribution of minimum P-value (⁠$−log10Pmin$⁠) from the dominance GWAS models. The $−log10Pmin$ was tracted from a GWA results based on the (a) 1,000 simulated normally distributed phenotypes and (b) permuted raw BMI phenotypes from UK Biobank. The genotypes used were from the European cohort in the UK Biobank (N = 348,501). The dotted line corresponds to the traditional genome-wide significance cutoff of (⁠$5.0×10−8$⁠), while the vertical solid lines represent the new empirical GWAS cutoff after pruning genotypes based on the >5% (blue), >1% (green), >0.5% (orange), and >0.1% (gray) minor allele thresholds. The new cutoff GWAS thresholds represents 95% percentile of P_min distribution (α = 0.05).