Simulation of intestinal diseases using intestinal organoids.1) CRC: Co-culturing CRC patient-derived organoids with CAFs demonstrated that inflammatory CAFs promote EMT. 2) Pathogen infection: Co-culturing intestinal organoids with microbes enabled the investigation of pathogen infections. 3) Cystic fibrosis: Application of CRISPR technology in organoids to study the role of the CFTR gene in cystic fibrosis. 4) Tissue repair: High-resolution phenotypic screening platforms based on intestinal organoids have been established to explore the dynamic processes of intestinal injury repair. 5) CeD: The use of intestinal organoids cultured from biopsy samples to study the pathogenesis of celiac disease. 6) IBD: Co-culturing organoids with gut-resident memory T cells provides insights into the role of immune cells in the development of IBD. Furthermore, intestinal organoids cultured from biopsy samples serve as a valuable tool for studying the mechanisms underlying celiac disease.