IRAK-M deficiency is an important contributor to aortic valve lesions. (A) Transvalvular peak jet velocity was measured in WT mice and IRAK-M^−/− mice, showing an increase in IRAK-M^−/− mice (n = 7 male mice per group). (B) H&E staining revealed thickened aortic valve leaflets in IRAK-M^−/− mice compared with WT mice (n = 7 male mice per group, Bar = 100 μm). (C) Detection of calcium nodules using Von Kossa staining revealed greater calcium deposition in IRAK-M^−/− mice (n = 7 male mice per group, Bar = 100 μm). Areas of calcium deposition are indicated by arrows. (D) Immunofluorescence staining revealed higher expression of the osteogenic marker BMP-2 in IRAK-M^−/− mice compared with WT mice (n = 7 male mice per group, Bar = 25 μm). (E) Immunofluorescence staining revealed higher expression of the inflammatory factor ICAM-1 in IRAK-M^−/− mice compared with WT mice (n = 7 male mice per group, Bar = 25 μm). Error bars show mean ± SD. P-values were determined by a Student’s t-test.