Manufacturing and Economy-Wide Capital-Labor Ratios, Tanzania, Ethiopia, Czech Republic, and Vietnam.

Source: Authors’ calculation using various datasets. Economy-wide capital stock value comes from the IMF Investment and Capital Stock Dataset (2017), and economy-wide employment comes from the ETD. For Tanzania, Ethiopia, and Vietnam manufacturing capital-labor ratios come from the capital stock and employment information in the firm-level data (Vietnam Enterprise Survey, Tanzania ASIP, Ethiopia LMSM). For the Czech Republic, manufacturing capital and labor data comes from the EU KLEMS database (Stehrer et al. 2019)

Note: Capital-labor (K/L) ratios are in $1,000 constant 2011 PPP $. PPP convertors differ for machinery & equipment and buildings & structures, and they are both from ICP. For buildings and structures, the PPP conversion for construction from ICP is used; 2010 PPP is calculated by using the growth rate between 2011 and 2017 PPPs from ICP, a similar approach used in WDI. The Tanzania employment numbers used in these calculations cover all workers on contracts longer than one month, while the Ethiopia employment numbers are limited to permanent workers; the study uses permanent workers to be consistent with the Czech Republic data from EU KLEMS.