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Introduction Introduction
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Histology of the normal cervix Histology of the normal cervix
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Terminology Terminology
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Risk factors Risk factors
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Clinical features Clinical features
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Screening Screening
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Liquid-based cytology Liquid-based cytology
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Classification Classification
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HPV DNA triage and primary screening HPV DNA triage and primary screening
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Trans people Trans people
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Diagnosis Diagnosis
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CIN CIN
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Cytological indications for colposcopy Cytological indications for colposcopy
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Clinical indications for colposcopy or gynaecological assessment Clinical indications for colposcopy or gynaecological assessment
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CGIN CGIN
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ICC ICC
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Management Management
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Management of CIN and CGIN Management of CIN and CGIN
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Management of cervical cancer Management of cervical cancer
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Primary Prevention Primary Prevention
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Pregnancy Pregnancy
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HIV HIV
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Cite
Abstract
Cervical neoplasia provides an overview of the 4th most common malignancy in women worldwide, including the premalignant phase. Specific terminology used in cytology and histology (including atypia, dyskaryosis, cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN), cervical glandular intraepithelial neoplasia (CGIN) and invasive cervical cancer (ICC) are explained, and the epidemiology and risk factors (with an emphasis on human papilloma virus (HPV)) for this common malignancy are included. Clinical presentation is outlined. Cervical screening is discussed, including the role of HPV testing, and both the British Association for Cytopathology/NHS cervical screening program 2013 classification of cervical cytology and the Bethesda system (used more widely worldwide) are explained. Diagnosis includes colposcopic examination of the cervix, and the management of both CIN and cervical cancer are included. HPV vaccination, pregnancy, and women living with HIV (including ICC as AIDS-defining) are discussed.
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