
Contents
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Introduction Introduction
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What is social capital? What is social capital?
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How out-migration weakens social capital How out-migration weakens social capital
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The case of Bulgaria The case of Bulgaria
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Test 1: out-migration and generalized trust Test 1: out-migration and generalized trust
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Test 2: out-migration and associational memberships Test 2: out-migration and associational memberships
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Conclusion Conclusion
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References References
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Appendix 20.1 Control variable coding information Appendix 20.1 Control variable coding information
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Regional-level control variables Regional-level control variables
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Individual-level control variables Individual-level control variables
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20 Out-migration and social capital
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Published:January 2021
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Abstract
This chapter explores how out-migration weakens social capital in sending communities. Based on game theoretical models of cooperation, it is theorized that the rate of subnational out-migration acts as a structural-level cue and informs residents about the prospect of future interactions between citizens. Heavy out-migration creates a cooperative dilemma by provoking doubt among residents about the benefits of extending trust to and engaging with strangers who may not remain in the community. This proposition is tested using subnational migration data from Bulgaria in two multivariate statistical analyses. The finding from the first set of models confirms that citizens residing in regions undergoing more out-migration report lower levels of generalized trust. A second series of tests reveal that subnational regions with more out-migration have fewer associational memberships per capita.
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