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2. Starvation and predation in a patchy environment
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Published:June 1990
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Abstract
Outside the breeding season, an animal's reproductive success will depend on its ability to survive. For many animals, survival involves finding enough food and avoiding being killed by a predator. It is, therefore, not surprising that considerable theoretical and empirical work has been done on the influence of the dangers of starvation and predation (see Real and Cameo 1986; Cameo and Lima 1987; Milinski 1986; Dill 1987 for reviews). In the absence of predation, the probability of starvation depends not only on the mean rate at which an animal obtains food, but also on the variance (Cameo 1980; Houston and McNamara 1982, 1985; McNamara and Houston 1982, 1986). The choices of juncos and white-crowned sparrows depend on variance and can be understood in terms of minimizing the animal's probability of starvation (Cameo 1981a, 1983; Cameo et al. 1980; review in Cameo and Lima 1987). Similar remarks apply to the foraging behaviour of the common shrew (Barnard and Brown 1985; Barnard et al. 1985).
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