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Abstract
In 1975, Berg reported the widespread occurrence of myrmecochory in Australian heathlands. At the time, there was considerable interest in the hypothesis of convergent evolution among the mediterranean climate regions of the world (Cody and Mooney, 1978). Berg's discovery suggested a further test of the hypothesis in the arena of reproductive biology. Myrmecochory was virtually unknown in the Cape fynbos, the closest equivalent to the vegetation studied by Berg. Was fynbos also rich in myrmecochores? A survey to address this question indicated that perhaps one fifth of the Cape flora (>1000 species), mostly of little affinity with the Australian clements, were myrmecochorous (Slings by and Bond I 981; Milewski and Bond 1982; Bond and Slingsby 1983). The discovery of this remarkable convergence in dispersal type, across diverse phylogenies, must rank as one of the more successful predictions of convergence theory. Ironically, the selective pressures which lead to the evolution of myrmecochory in diverse lineages within the Cape and Australian floras are still enigmatic.
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