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Abstract
This chapter examines modernist urbanism, which broke the traditional bond between two-dimensional pattern and three-dimensional form. By the late 20th century, the New Urbanists claimed in their Charter of principles that architectural style had nothing to do with the urban pattern. New towns built after World War II in the modernist vein have the unmistakable imprint of functionalism, which, in practical terms, means separation. The street pattern of modernist housing developments was used to separate people by minimizing street connection. Some modernist housing arrangements, like Dammerstock in Karlsruhe, Germany, or the housing complexes of the southern part of Amsterdam, were driven by a formulaic attachment to the principles of maximizing exposure to sun and green space. However, green space did not provide a setting for social connection. The chapter then looks at the Soviet version of modern urbanism, considering mikrorayons (“micro-districts”) and socialist cities.
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