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French to English translation French to English translation
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Manding elements Manding elements
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Cite
Extract
French to English translation
The English translations from French aim at clarity and accuracy. The spellings of personal names, place names and words in African languages have been anglicised in the following manner:
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Manding elements
In most of the versions of the Sunjata epic presented in this book, some words or phrases in Manding appear. Whenever possible, we provide in footnotes transcriptions of these forms according to the modern spelling rules, and with tonal notation.
Whenever possible, we indicate the Manding variety (Maninka, Bamana, Khasonka…) for the Manding forms. By default, Manding forms mentioned in the Introduction and other editorial sections of the book referring to Manding in general are represented by Bamana forms.
There are sometimes entire songs in Manding, provided with translations by the authors of the original texts. We represent such texts in tables: the Manding text in the original transcription; an English translation from the author’s French translation; a tentative conversion of the Manding text into modern spelling; and a direct translation of the Manding text into English (which at some points diverges from the indirect translation).
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