
Contents
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Pathogenesis of migraine Pathogenesis of migraine
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Physiological Stress and Migraine Physiological Stress and Migraine
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Genetic Basis of Migraine Genetic Basis of Migraine
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Theories of migraine pathophysiology Theories of migraine pathophysiology
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Vascular Theory of Wolff Vascular Theory of Wolff
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Cortical Spreading Depression (i.e., Spreading Depression of Leao) Cortical Spreading Depression (i.e., Spreading Depression of Leao)
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The Trigeminovascular System in Migraine The Trigeminovascular System in Migraine
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The Sympathetic Nervous System in Migraine The Sympathetic Nervous System in Migraine
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Other Hypotheses Other Hypotheses
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Conclusion Conclusion
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Clinical features of migraine Clinical features of migraine
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Migraine without Aura (Common Migraine) Migraine without Aura (Common Migraine)
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Migraine with Aura (Classic Migraine) Migraine with Aura (Classic Migraine)
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Basilar Migraine Basilar Migraine
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Treatment of migraine Treatment of migraine
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Nonpharmacologic Approaches Nonpharmacologic Approaches
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Acute Pharmacological Treatment of Migraine Acute Pharmacological Treatment of Migraine
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Acetaminophen, aspirin, and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents (nsaids) Acetaminophen, aspirin, and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents (nsaids)
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5-HT1 Agonists 5-HT1 Agonists
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Oral triptans Oral triptans
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Nasal 5-HT1 agonists Nasal 5-HT1 agonists
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Parenteral 5-ht1 agonists Parenteral 5-ht1 agonists
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Dopamine antagonists Dopamine antagonists
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Opioids Opioids
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Prophylactic Treatment of Migraine Prophylactic Treatment of Migraine
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Antiepileptic drugs Antiepileptic drugs
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Conclusion Conclusion
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References References
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Disclaimer: Disclaimer:
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Acknowledgement: Acknowledgement:
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Cite
Abstract
Migraine is a specific neurological syndrome that has a wide variety of manifestations. At the most basic level, migraine without aura can be defined as a throbbing (usually unilateral) headache with associated nausea. A prodromal phase may last as long as 24 hours before the headache and may consist of mood and appetite changes. Migraine with aura is usually preceded or accompanied by a focal neurological event. The aura is most commonly experienced as a visual alteration but may involve sensory and/or motor changes. Auras may also occur without an associated headache. The headache itself is often accompanied by photophobia, hyperacusis, polyuria, and/or diarrhea. A migraine attack usually lasts from hours to days and is followed by prolonged pain-free intervals. The headache frequency is extremely variable but usually ranges from 1–2 per year to 1–4 per month. The International Headache Society (IHS) has developed specific detailed criteria for the diagnosis of migraine and other types of headaches.2 This chapter is intended to provide a review of the current state of knowledge concerning the biological basis and treatment of migraine.
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