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Introduction Introduction
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Causes of death in renal failure are as follows: Causes of death in renal failure are as follows:
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Definition Definition
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References References
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References References
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Decisions regarding dialysis Decisions regarding dialysis
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References References
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Symptom control in renal failure Symptom control in renal failure
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Causes of pain in renal failure Causes of pain in renal failure
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Prescribing in renal failure Prescribing in renal failure
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Factors associated with altered handling of drugs in renal failure Factors associated with altered handling of drugs in renal failure
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Pain management in renal failure Pain management in renal failure
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Reference Reference
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Other symptoms in renal failure Other symptoms in renal failure
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Fatigue, daytime somnolence, and weakness Fatigue, daytime somnolence, and weakness
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Management Management
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Anorexia and weight loss Anorexia and weight loss
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Management Management
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Pruritus Pruritus
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Management Management
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Nausea Nausea
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Restless legs syndrome (RLS) Restless legs syndrome (RLS)
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Management Management
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Calciphylaxis and muscle cramps Calciphylaxis and muscle cramps
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Formulary Formulary
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General considerations General considerations
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Further reading Further reading
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Cite
Abstract
This chapter describes the issues associated with providing palliative care to patients with renal failure, and covers initiation of renal replacement therapy, conservative treatment, symptom management for patients with advanced renal disease, and issues surrounding stopping renal replacement therapy. As obesity and diabetes increase, so does the incidence of chronic renal disease and end-stage renal failure. Determining the exact number of patients dying of renal failure is challenging. Often the cause of death will be ascribed to an associated contributing factor, e.g. diabetes mellitus, or the final acute event resulting in death, e.g. myocardial infarction. However, we know that renal failure is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease and is associated with a high all-cause mortality.1 In addition, patients with end-stage renal failure have a significant symptom burden and therefore it is important that patients have access to palliative care services to assist with symptom management, advanced care planning, and, where appropriate, decisions around dialysis and transplantation.
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