Weblinks for Seventh Edition

EBM 1997 2 150; No Link; page 1

Effect of the interval between pregnancies on perinatal outcomes. Zhu BP, N Engl J Med; 1999 Feb 25 ; 340(8):589-94. PubMed ID: 10029642 [Link]; page 3

The use of a birthroom: a randomized controlled trial comparing delivery with that in the labour ward. Author: Chapman MG, Jones M, Spring JE, De Swiet M, Chamberlain GV. Journal: Br J Obstet Gynaecol; 1986 Feb ; 93(2):182-7. PubMed ID: 3511958. [Link]; page 4

BMJ. 1998 Feb 21;316(7131):566-7. Macfarlane A. At last--maternity statistics for England. [Link]; page 5

Naegele’s rule: a reappraisal. Author: Baskett TF, Nagele F. Journal: BJOG; 2000 Nov ; 107(11):1433-5. PubMed ID: 11117775. [Link]; page 8

The value of sonography in early pregnancy for the detection of fetal abnormalities in an unselected population. Br J Obstet Gynaecol; 1999 Sep ; 106(9):929-36. PubMed ID: 10492104 [Link]; page 11

BMJ 1999;318:70-71 Down’s syndrome, cardiac anomalies, and nuchal translucency Fetal heart failure might link nuchal translucency and Down’s syndrome [Link]; page 11

Using fetal nuchal translucency to screen for major congenital cardiac defects at 10-14 weeks of gestation: population based cohort study. BMJ; 1999 Jan 9 ; 318(7176):81-5. PubMed ID: 9880278[Link]; page 11

Berg B 1984 Acta Ob Gyn Scan 63 583 &: OTM &: M de Swiet 1996 Pulse 56 92 &: A Gowenlock Varley’s Practical Clinical Biochemistry 535. [Link]; page 15

Nasogastric enteral feeding in the management of hyperemesis gravidarum. Hsu JJ, Obstet Gynecol; 1996 Sep ; 88(3):343-6. PubMed ID: 8752236 [Link]; page 18

BJOG. 2000 Feb;107(2):245-53. Sadler L. Pregnancy outcomes and cardiac complications in women with mechanical, bioprosthetic and homograft valves. [Link]; page 20

BJOG. 2000 Apr;107(4):437-8. Guidotti RJ. Anaemia in pregnancy in developing countries. [Link]; page 22

Duration of ruptured membranes and vertical transmission of HIV-1: a meta-analysis from 15 prospective cohort studies.Author: International Perinatal HIV Group .Journal: AIDS; 2001 Feb 16 ; 15(3):357-68. PubMed ID: 11273216. [Link]; page 23

Effect of breastfeeding and formula feeding on transmission of HIV-1: a randomized clinical trial. Nduati R, JAMA; 2000 Mar 1 ; 283(9):1167-74. PubMed ID: 10703779 [Link]; page 23

N Engl J Med. 2000 Oct 19;343(16):1178-9. Greene MF. Oral hypoglycemic drugs for gestational diabetes. [Link]; page 24

Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol. 1999 Oct;13(4):452-65. Williams MA. A population-based cohort study of the relation between maternal birthweight and risk of gestational diabetes mellitus in four racial/ethnic groups. [Link]; page 24

Diabetes. 1985 Jun;34 Suppl 2:106-10. Stowers JM. Long-range implications for the mother. The Aberdeen experience. [Link]; page 24

Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1993 Apr;168(4):1139-44; discussion 1144-5. Coustan DR. Gestational diabetes: predictors of subsequent disordered glucose metabolism. [Link]; page 24

Ther Umsch. 1990 Jan;47(1):71-9 (German). Berger W. [Clinical significance, diagnosis and treatment of diabetes in pregnancy (gestational diabetes)] [Link]; page 24

Diabetes Metab. 2001 Dec;27(6):675-80. Dalfra MG. Antepartum and early postpartum predictors of type 2 diabetes development in women with gestational diabetes mellitus. [Link]; page 24

Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2002 Apr;186(4):751-6. Schaefer-Graf UM. Clinical predictors for a high risk for the development of diabetes mellitus in the early puerperium in women with recent gestational diabetes mellitus. Medline abstract, n=1636 [Link]; page 24

Dr Fran�ois Nosten; Shoklo Malaria Research Unit (SMRU) is a field station attached to the Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand and is part of the Wellcome-Oxford-Mahidol-University-Research Programme. www.shoklo-unit.com; No link; page 27

Safety, efficacy and determinants of effectiveness of antimalarial drugs during pregnancy: implications for prevention programmes in Plasmodium falciparum-endemic sub-Saharan Africa. Author: Newman RD, Parise ME, Slutsker L, Nahlen B, Steketee RW. Journal: Trop Med Int Health; 2003 Jun ; 8(6):488-506. PubMed ID: 12791054 [Link]; page 27

Intermittent Presumptive Treatment for Malaria A better understanding of the pharmacodynamics will guide more rational policymaking--Nicholas J White [Link]; page 27

Anticoagulation of pregnant women with mechanical heart valves: a systematic review of the literature.Author: Chan WS, Anand S, Ginsberg JS.Journal: Arch Intern Med; 2000 Jan 24 ; 160(2):191-6. PubMed ID: 10647757 [Link]; page 32

BJOG. 2000 Jan;107(1):84-8. Antsaklis AJ. Prenatal diagnosis of fetal primary cytomegalovirus infection. [Link]; page 34

Lancet. 2002 Apr 6;359(9313):1178-86. Petra Study Team. Efficacy of three short-course regimens of zidovudine and lamivudine in preventing early and late transmission of HIV-1 from mother to child in Tanzania, South Africa, and Uganda (Petra study): a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.[Link]; page 35

Lancet. 1999 Mar 6;353(9155):766-7. Mofenson LM. Short-course zidovudine for prevention of perinatal infection. [Link]; page 35

Br J Obstet Gynaecol. 1999 Jan;106(1):66-71. Newell ML. Antenatal screening for hepatitis B infection and syphilis in the UK. [Link]; page 36

N Engl J Med. 1999 Mar 11;340(10):798-9. Ince N. The increasing incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma. [Link]; page 36

Semin Perinatol. 1993 Dec;17(6):384-93. Simms J. Viral hepatitis in pregnancy. [Link]; page 36

Ethiop Med J. 1993 Jul;31(3):173-81. Tsega E. Hepatitis E virus infection in pregnancy in Ethiopia.[Link]; page 36

Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2000 Dec;41(13):4074-9. Bowman RJ. Operational comparison of single-dose azithromycin and topical tetracycline for trachoma. [Link]; page 36

Appendicitis in pregnancy: new information that contradicts long-held clinical beliefs. Am J Obstet Gynecol; 2000 May ; 182(5):1027-9. PubMed ID: 10819817 [Link]; page 38

J Clin Ultrasound. 2001 Jun;29(5):306-11. Humphrey R. Rectus sheath hematoma in pregnancy.[Link]; page 38

Am J Perinatol. 1997 Jul;14(6):321-3. Ramirez MM. Spontaneous rectus sheath hematoma during pregnancy mimicking abruptio placenta. [Link]; page 38

The acute abdomen and the obstetrician. Baillieres Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol; 2000 Feb ; 14(1):89-102. PubMed ID: 10789262 [Link]; page 38

Lancet. 2000 Jan 8;355(9198):87-92. von Dadelszen P. Fall in mean arterial pressure and fetal growth restriction in pregnancy hypertension: a meta-analysis. [Link]; page 48

Lancet. 2002 Feb 23;359(9307):673-4. Wang JX. Surgically obtained sperm, and risk of gestational hypertension and pre-eclampsia. [Link]; page 48

Link no longer available; page 48

BJOG. 2000 Jul;107(7):877-84. Baud O. The relationships between antenatal management, the cause of delivery and neonatal outcome in a large cohort of very preterm singleton infants. [Link]; page 48

N Engl J Med. 1999 Jan 14;340(2):154. Oei SG. Myocardial infarction during nifedipine therapy for preterm labor [Link]; page 50

Lancet. 2000 Jan 8;355(9198):87-92. von Dadelszen P. Fall in mean arterial pressure and fetal growth restriction in pregnancy hypertension: a meta-analysis. [Link]; page 52

Lancet. 1999 Apr 10;353(9160):1202-4. Schatz M. Asthma and pregnancy. [Link]; page 52

Br J Obstet Gynaecol. 1999 May;106(5):481-5. Boulvain M. Sweeping of the membranes to prevent post-term pregnancy and to induce labour: a systematic review. Medline abstract, Meta-analysis [Link]; page 54

Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand. 1999 Mar;78(3):186-90. Chan CC. Antepartum hemorrhage of unknown origin--what is its clinical significance? [Link]; page 56

Geburtshilfe Frauenheilkd. 1982 Nov;42(11):798-802.The maternal perception of fetal movements during the last trimester of pregnancy Schmidt W [Link]; page 58

BJOG. 2000 Jul;107(7):939-40. Acute postpartum myocardial infarction after ergometrine administration in a woman with familial hypercholesterolaemia. Mousa HA [Link]; page 58

BJOG. 2000 Feb;107(2):222-7. Ngai SW. Labour characteristics and uterine activity: misoprostol compared with oxytocin in women at term with prelabour rupture of the membranes. [Link]; page 60

J Womens Health Gend Based Med. 1999 Dec;8(10):1257-64. Scott KD. The obstetrical and postpartum benefits of continuous support during childbirth. [Link]; page 65

N Engl J Med. 1995 Sep 21;333(12):745-50. Frigoletto FD Jr. A clinical trial of active management of labor. [Link]; page 65

BJOG. 2000 Oct;107(10):1248-51. Related Articles, Books, LinkOut Subcutaneous versus intracutaneous injections of sterile water for labour analgesia: a comparison of perceived pain during administration.Martensson L, Nyberg K, Wallin G. &: Contemp Rev Obs 12 29 [Link]; page 66

2001 Why Mothers Die 1997�9 Annexe C, chapter 2 page 74 RCOG [no medline link]; page 66

Psychological consequences of having triplets: a 4-year follow-up study. Garel M. Fertil Steril; 1997 Jun ; 67(6):1162-5. PubMed ID: 9176462 [Link]; page 69

Psychological reactions after multifetal pregnancy reduction: a 2-year follow-up study. Garel M. Hum Reprod; 1997 Mar ; 12(3):617-22. PubMed ID: 9130770 [Link]; page 69

Br J Obstet Gynaecol. 1998 Aug;105(8):811-5. Johnstone FD. Shoulder dystocia. [Link]; page 72

Lancet. 2001 Aug 11;358(9280):470-1. Buhimschi CS. Use of McRoberts’ position during delivery and increase in pushing efficiency. [Link]; page 72

J Reprod Med. 1999 Oct;44(10):902-4. Heath T. Symphyseal separation, sacroiliac joint dislocation and transient lateral femoral cutaneous neuropathy associated with McRoberts’ maneuver. A case report. [Link]; page 73

BJOG. 2000 Jul;107(7):932-4. Related Articles, Books, LinkOut Outcome of the next labour in women who had a vaginal delivery in their first pregnancy. Mawdsley SD [Link]; page 76

Brachial plexus paresis associated with fetal neck compression from forceps. Author: Gei AF, Smith RA, Hankins GD. Journal: Am J Perinatol; 2003 Aug ; 20(6):289-91. PubMed ID: 14528397 [Link]; page 77

Associated factors in 1611 cases of brachial plexus injury. Author: Gilbert WM, Nesbitt TS, Danielsen B. Journal: Obstet Gynecol; 1999 Apr ; 93(4):536-40. PubMed ID: 10214829 [Link]; page 77

Obstetrical brachial plexus palsy--etiopathogenesis, risk factors, prevention, prognosis Author: Gosk J, Rutowski R. Journal: Ginekol Pol; 2004 Oct ; 75(10):814-20. PubMed ID: 15587915 [Link]; page 77

Effect of operative vaginal delivery on the outcome of permanent brachial plexus injury. Author: Poggi SH, Ghidini A, Allen RH, Pezzullo JC, Rosenbaum TC, Spong CY. Journal: J Reprod Med; 2003 Sep ; 48(9):692-6. PubMed ID: 14562633. [Link]; page 77

National statistics for 2003 [Link]; page 82

Lancet. 1999 Sep 18;354(9183):983-6. Fynes M. Effect of second vaginal delivery on anorectal physiology and faecal continence: a prospective study. [Link]; page 91

National statistics [Link]; page 97

Amniocentesis and chorionic villus sampling for prenatal diagnosis. Alfirevic Z, Cochrane Database Syst Rev; 2003 ; 1(3):CD003252. PubMed ID: 12917956 [Link]; page 10

Screening performance of first-trimester nuchal translucency for major cardiac defects: a meta-analysis. Am J Obstet Gynecol; 2003 Nov ; 189(5):1330-5. PubMed ID: 14634564 [Link]; page 11

Fetal cardiac defects and increased nuchal translucency thickness: a prospective study. Am J Obstet Gynecol; 2004 Oct ; 191(4):1486-90. PubMed ID: 15507988 [Link]; page 11

First-trimester nasal bone evaluation for aneuploidy in the general population. Obstet Gynecol; 2004 Dec ; 104(6):1222-8. PubMed ID: 15572480 [Link]; page 11

The clinical evaluation and pregnancy outcome of euploid fetuses with increased nuchal translucency. Maymon R, Herman A. Clin Genet; 2004 Nov ; 66(5):426-36. PubMed ID: 15479188 [Link]; page 11

BMJ. 2001 Jul 21;323(7305):165-6. Ghaem-Maghami S. Using clinical evidence. Obstetricians seem to be overstating the evidence in major placenta praevia. [Link]; page 14

Why Mothers Die 2000-2 CEMACH publications [Link]; page 14

Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy with a jejunal port for severe hyperemesis gravidarum. Irving PM, Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol; 2004 Sep ; 16(9):937-9. PubMed ID: 15316422 [Link]; page 18

Hyperemesis gravidarum: outcomes and complications with and without total parenteral nutrition. Folk JJ, J Reprod Med; 2004 Jul ; 49(7):497-502. PubMed ID: 15305820 [Link]; page 18

Is there a case for hepatitis C infection screening in the antenatal period? J Med Screen; 2003 ; 10(4):161-8. PubMed ID: 14738651 [Link]; page 26

Intermittent Presumptive Treatment for Malaria. White N. [email protected] [Link]; page 27

Comparison of intermittent preventive treatment with chemoprophylaxis for the prevention of malaria during pregnancy in Mali. Author: Kayentao K, Kodio M, Newman RD, Maiga H, Doumtabe D, Ongoiba A, Coulibaly D, Keita AS, Maiga B, Mungai M, Parise ME, Doumbo O. Journal: J Infect Dis; 2005 Jan 1 ; 191(1):109-16. PubMed ID: 15593011 [Link]; page 27

The use of anti-malarial drugs to prevent malaria in the population of malaria-endemic areas. Author: Greenwood B. Journal: Am J Trop Med Hyg; 2004 Jan ; 70(1):1-7. PubMed ID: 14971690 [Link]; page 27

J Neurosurg. 2001 Nov;95(5):778-82. Lajeunie E. Craniosynostosis and fetal exposure to sodium valproate. [Link]; page 29

Am J Med Genet. 2001 Jan 15;98(2):168-75. Kozma C. Valproic acid embryopathy: report of two siblings with further expansion of the phenotypic abnormalities and a review of the literature. [Link]; page 29

The longer term outcome of children born to mothers with epilepsy. Adab N, J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry; 2004 Nov ; 75(11):1575-83. PubMed ID: 15491979 [Link]; page 29

N Engl J Med. 2000 Feb 10;342(6):424-5. Greer IA. The challenge of thrombophilia in maternal-fetal medicine. [Link]; page 33

Selective neonatal BCG vaccination. Bakshi D. Acta Paediatr; 2004 Sep ; 93(9):1207-9. PubMed ID: 15384885 [Link]; page 37

Laparoscopy for appendicitis and cholelithiasis during pregnancy: a new standard of care. Surg Endosc; 2004 Feb ; 18(2):237-41. PubMed ID: 14691706 [Link]; page 38

Fetal electrocardiogram (ECG) for fetal monitoring during labour. Neilson JP. Cochrane Database Syst Rev; 2003 ; 31(2):CD000116. PubMed ID: 12804387 [Link]; page 44

BJOG. 2000 Dec;107(12):1492-7. Simpsom JM. Accuracy and limitations of transabdominal fetal echocardiography at 12-15 weeks of gestation in a population at high risk for congenital heart disease.[Link]; page 47

Milne F BMJ 2005;330:576-580. The pre-eclampsia community guideline (PRECOG): how to screen for and detect onset of pre-eclampsia in the community [Link]; page 48

Do women with pre-eclampsia, and their babies, benefit from magnesium sulphate? The Magpie Trial: a randomised placebo-controlled trial. Magpie Trial Collaboration Group . Lancet; 2002 Jun 1 ; 359(9321):1877-90. PubMed ID: 12057549 [Link]; page 48

BMJ. 2002 Feb 23;324(7335):447. Olsen SF. Low consumption of seafood in early pregnancy as a risk factor for preterm delivery: prospective cohort study. [Link]; page 50

Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol. 1995 Apr;59(2):149-51. Stratton JF. Hyponatraemia and non-electrolyte solutions in labouring primigravida. [Link]; page 58

Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol. 1996 Sep;68(1-2):47-8. Higgins J. Maternal and neonatal hyponatraemia: a comparison of Hartmanns solution with 5% dextrose for the delivery of oxytocin in labour. [Link]; page 58

East Afr Med J. 1991 Feb;68(2):88-92. Omigbodun AO. Effects of using either saline or glucose as a vehicle for infusion in labour. [Link]; page 58

Br J Obstet Gynaecol. 1984 Oct;91(10):1014-8. Singhi S. Intrapartum infusion of aqueous glucose solution, transplacental hyponatraemia and risk of neonatal jaundice. [Link]; page 58

BJOG. 2001 Jan;108(1):23-6. Kwon JS. A comparison of oral and vaginal misoprostol for induction of labour at term: a randomised trial. [Link]; page 62

[Link]; page 66

BJOG. 2002 Feb;109(2):182-6. Carroll SG. Prediction of chorionicity in twin pregnancies at 10-14 weeks of gestation. [Link]; page 68

Dramatic reduction in triplet and higher order births in England and Wales. BJOG; 2004 Aug ; 111(8):856-8. PubMed ID: 15270936 [Link]; page 69

External cephalic version: a safe procedure? A systematic review of version-related risks. Collaris RJ. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand; 2004 Jun ; 83(6):511-8. PubMed ID: 15144330 [Link]; page 70

Lancet. 2000 Oct 21;356(9239):1375-83. Hannah ME. Planned caesarean section versus planned vaginal birth for breech presentation at term: a randomised multicentre trial. Term Breech Trial Collaborative Group. [Link]; page 70

NICE 2004 Caesarean Section [Link]; page 79

The B-Lynch technique for postpartum haemorrhage: an option for every gynaecologist. Holtsema H, Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol; 2004 Jul 15 ; 115(1):39-42. PubMed ID: 15223163 [Link]; page 84

Why Mothers Die 2000-2 CEMACH publications [Link]; page 85

Why Mothers Die 2000-2 CEMACH publications [Link]; page 89

[Link]; page 92

BMJ. 2000 Jan 8;320(7227):86-90. Signorello LB. Midline episiotomy and anal incontinence: retrospective cohort study. [Link]; page 92

MABL & JBL [aged 14 & 15]: personal communication ; No link; page 99

Should adolescents with acute lymphoblastic leukemia be treated as old children or young adults? Comparison of the French FRALLE-93 and LALA-94 trials. Author: Boissel N, Journal: J Clin Oncol; 2003 Mar 1 ; 21(5):774-80. PubMed ID: 12610173 [Link]; page 99

G Rylance 1999 BMJ i 301. Privacy, dignity, and confidentiality: interview study with structured questionnaire [Link]; page 100

BMJ. 1999 Jan 9;318(7176):86-91. Usen S. Clinical predictors of hypoxaemia in Gambian children with acute lower respiratory tract infection: prospective cohort study. Medline abstract, n>1000 [Link]; page 103

Archives of Disease in Childhood 2004;89:908-912. Infant colic and feeding difficulties--C Miller-Loncar [Link]; page 104

Child Dev. 2000 Jul-Aug;71(4):862-77. White BP. Behavioral and physiological responsivity, sleep, and patterns of daily cortisol production in infants with and without colic. [Link]; page 104

Prof Care Mother Child. 2000;10(1):26-8, 30. Scowen P. Nappy rash: let’s give mothers more help.[Link]; page 104

Int J Dermatol. 1999 Aug;38(8):618-22. de Wet PM. Perianal candidosis--a comparative study with mupirocin and nystatin. Medline abstract, N=20 [Link]; page 104

Acta Derm Venereol Suppl (Stockh). 1981;95:40-2. Thomsen K. Seborrhoeic dermatitis and napkin dermatitis. [Link]; page 104

J Consult Clin Psychol. 1996 Oct;64(5):1029-36. Walker JG. Emotionally focused marital intervention for couples with chronically ill children. [Link]; page 105

J Pediatr Psychol. 1992 Jun;17(3):345-57. Walker JG. Measuring marital distress in couples with chronically ill children: the Dyadic Adjustment Scale. [Link]; page 105

Child Care Health Dev. 1997 Nov;23(6):479-80. Logan S. Emotionally focused therapy improves marital adjustment in parents of children with chronically ill children. [Link]; page 105

Arch Dis Child. 1990 Jul;65(7):750-6. Hewson PH. Markers of serious illness in infants under 6 months old presenting to a children’s hospital. [Link]; page 106

Pediatrics. 1992 Dec;90(6):846-50. Kluger MJ. Fever revisited. [Link]; page 106

J Bone Joint Surg Br. 1990 Sep;72(5):846-51. Knudsen CJ. Neonatal osteomyelitis. [Link]; page 106

Sante. 1999 Jan-Feb;9(1):38-45 (French). Hoarau C. [Congenital syphilis: update and perspectives][Link]; page 106

Ann Trop Paediatr. 1993;13(4):395-7. Kini PG. Unusual presentation of cytomegaloviral infection in a 5-month-old baby: case report. [Link]; page 106

J Appl Physiol. 2001 Jan;90(1):90-8. Hasday JD. Exposure to febrile temperature modifies endothelial cell response to tumor necrosis factor-alpha. [Link]; page 106

J Appl Physiol. 2001 Jan;90(1):90-8. Hasday JD. Exposure to febrile temperature modifies endothelial cell response to tumor necrosis factor-alpha. [Link]; page 106

Adenoviral infections in children: the impact of rapid diagnosis. Rocholl C, Gerber K, Daly J, Pavia AT, Byington CL. Pediatrics [NLM - MEDLINE]. Jan 2004.Vol.113, Iss. 1; Part 1. pg. e51 [Link]; page 106

Skin-to-skin contact may reduce negative consequences of \“the stress of being born\”: a study on temperature in newborn infants, subjected to different ward routines in St. Petersburg. Author: Bystrova K, Widstr “m AM, Matthiesen AS, Ransj”-Arvidson AB, Welles-Nystr “m B, Wassberg C, Vorontsov I, Uvn”s-Moberg K. Journal: Acta Paediatr; 2003 ; 92(3):320-6. PubMed ID: 12725547 HYPERLINK “http://pubmedhh.nlm.nih.gov/cgi-bin/abstract.cgi?id=12725547&from=cqsr” [Link]; page 107

Biol Neonate. 2004 Sep 20;87(1):27-34 Resuscitation of Depressed Newborn Infants with Ambient Air or Pure Oxygen: A Meta-Analysis--Saugstad OD [Link]; page 107

NEJM 2001 [Link]; page 107

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Neonatal shaken baby syndrome--lessons to be learned / Author’s reply D B Knight, R sunderland, A N Williams. Archives of Disease in Childhood. London: Mar 2003.Vol.88, Iss. 2; pg. F161, 2 pgs [Link]; page 108

Infant to staff ratios and risk of mortality in very low birthweight infants L A Callaghan, D W Cartwright, P O’Rourke, M W Davies. Archives of Disease in Childhood. London: Mar 2003.Vol.88, Iss. 2; pg. F94, 4 pgs [Link]; page 108

Paediatr Drugs. 2001;3(1):61-79. Comer AM. Caffeine citrate: a review of its use in apnoea of prematurity. [Link]; page 108

Pharmacotherapy. 2000 Jun;20(6):644-52. Erenberg A. Caffeine citrate for the treatment of apnea of prematurity: a double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Medline abstract, N=85 [Link]; page 108

Drug Saf. 2000 Nov;23(5):363-79. Hascoet JM. Risks and benefits of therapies for apnoea in premature infants. [Link]; page 108

Lancet. 1999 Jan 16;353(9148):166-7. Fleck BW. Therapy for retinopathy of prematurity. [Link]; page 108

Rev Neurol. 2000 Aug 1-15;31(3):238-43 (Spanish). Antoniuk S. [Periventricular and intraventricular hemorrhage in the premature infants] [Link]; page 108

Pulmonary Reviews [2000] accessed 2004 Nitric oxide helps neonates with pulmonary hypertension[Link]; page 109

Inhaled nitric oxide in the treatment of persistent pulmonary hypertension/ hypoxic respiratory failure in neonates: an update. Author: Cook LN, Stewart DL. Journal: J Ky Med Assoc; 2005 Apr ; 103(4):138-47. PubMed ID: 15853181 [Link]; page 109

Inhaled nitric oxide in the treatment of persistent pulmonary hypertension/ hypoxic respiratory failure in neonates: an update. Author: Cook LN, Stewart DL. Journal: J Ky Med Assoc; 2005 Apr ; 103(4):138-47. PubMed ID: 15853181 [Link]; page 109

Acute and chronic effects of sildenafil in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension. Journal: Respir Med; 2005 May 9 ; ():. PubMed ID: 15890512 [Link]; page 109

Inhaled prostacyclin for term infants with persistent pulmonary hypertension refractory to inhaled nitric oxide. Author: Kelly LK, Porta NF, Goodman DM, Carroll CL, Steinhorn RH. Journal: J Pediatr; 2002 Dec ; 141(6):830-2. PubMed ID: 12461501 [Link]; page 109

Management of Pulmonary Hypertension [Link]; page 109

Lancet. 1996 Jul 13;348(9020):75-82. UK collaborative randomised trial of neonatal extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. UK Collaborative ECMO Trail Group. Medline abstract, N=185 [Link]; page 109

BMJ. 1998 Oct 3;317(7163):911-5; discussion 915-6. Roberts TE. Economic evaluation and randomised controlled trial of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation: UK collaborative trial. The Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation Economics Working Group. [Link]; page 109

Intensive Care Med. 2000 Oct;26(10):1489-95. Kossel H. Do we need new indications for ECMO in neonates pretreated with high-frequency ventilation and/or inhaled nitric oxide? [Link]; page 109

Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2000;(2):CD000948. Spence K. Nasal versus oral intubation for mechanical ventilation of newborn infants. [Link]; page 110

Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2001;(1):CD000456. Greenough A. Synchronized mechanical ventilation for respiratory support in newborn infants. [Link]; page 110

Lancet. 2000 Jul 8;356(9224):90-1. Soll R. Patient-triggered ventilation of the newborn. [Link]; page 110

Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2001;(1):CD000456. Greenough A. Synchronized mechanical ventilation for respiratory support in newborn infants. [Link]; page 110

Is elective high frequency oscillatory ventilation better than conventional mechanical ventilation in very low birth weight infants?--Report by Sachin Shah. Archives of Disease in Childhood 2003;88:833-834 [Link]; page 110

Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2000;(4):CD002773. Cools F. Neuromuscular paralysis for newborn infants receiving mechanical ventilation. [Link]; page 110

Royal College of Paediatrics Acute pain guidelines [Link]; page 110

Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2001;(1):CD000506. Davies MW. Nebulized racemic epinephrine for extubation of newborn infants. [Link]; page 111

Nasal intermittent positive pressure ventilation (NIPPV) versus nasal continuous positive airway pressure (NCPAP) for preterm neonates after extubation. Author: Davis PG, Lemyre B, de Paoli AG. Journal: Cochrane Database Syst Rev; 2001 ; (3):CD003212. PubMed ID: 11687052 HYPERLINK “http://pubmedhh.nlm.nih.gov/cgi-bin/abstract.cgi?id=11687052&from=cqsr” [Link]; page 111

Neurol Clin. 2001 May;19(2):427-63. Mizrah EM. Neonatal seizures and neonatal epileptic syndromes. [Link]; page 112

Indian Pediatrics 2003; 40:633-638 Pyridoxine-dependent Seizures: A Review. R. Rajesh [Link]; page 112

Pyridoxine dependence: the importance of the clinical diagnosis and early treatment Author: Caraballo R, Garro F, Cers”simo R, Buompadre C, Ga”ez LA, Fejerman N. Journal: Rev Neurol; 2004 Jan 1-15 ; 38(1):49-52. PubMed ID: 14730491. [Link]; page 112

UCSF manual [Link]; page 112

Department of Neonatal Medicine Protocol Book Royal Prince Alfred Hospital Circulatory Support[Link]; page 112

Chest. 2003 Apr;123(4):1266-75. Related Articles, Links. Bad medicine: low-dose dopamine in the ICU. Holmes CL [Link]; page 112

Lancet. 1998 Oct 17;352(9136):1271-7. Kuster H. Interleukin-1 receptor antagonist and interleukin-6 for early diagnosis of neonatal sepsis 2 days before clinical manifestation. [Link]; page 113

Ceylon Med J. 1999 Jun;44(2):81-6. Karunasekera KA. A preliminary study on neonatal septicaemia in a tertiary referral hospital paediatric unit. [Link]; page 113

APMIS. 1999 Feb;107(2):257-62. Ronnestad A. Antibiotic susceptibility of blood culture isolates after nearly two decades with netilmicin and ampicillin in neonatal septicaemia. [Link]; page 113

Turk J Pediatr. 1998 Jan-Mar;40(1):17-33. Yurdakok M. Antibiotic use in neonatal sepsis. [Link]; page 113

Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2000 Jun;67(6):600-9. Treluyer JM. Population pharmacokinetic analysis of netilmicin in neonates and infants with use of a nonparametric method. [Link]; page 113

Curr Treat Options Neurol. 2001 May;3(3):237-248. Painter MJ. Neonatal Seizures. HYPERLINK “http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/queryd.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=11282039” [Link]; page 113

Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2001 Apr;124(4):359-67. Kezirian EJ. Cost and cost-effectiveness of universal screening for hearing loss in newborns. [Link]; page 114

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